1886 Atlantic hurricane season
| 1886 Atlantic hurricane season |
Season summary map
|
| Seasonal boundaries |
| First system formed |
June 13, 1886 (Hurricane One) |
| Last system dissipated |
October 26, 1886 (Tropical Storm Twelve) |
| Strongest storm |
|
| Name |
"Indianola" |
| • Maximum winds |
150 mph (240 km/h) |
| • Lowest pressure |
925 mbar (hPa; 27.32 inHg) |
| Seasonal statistics |
| Total storms |
12 |
| Hurricanes |
10 |
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+) |
4 |
| Total fatalities |
200-225 |
| Total damage |
~ $2.25 million (1886 USD) |
|
|
Atlantic hurricane seasons
1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888
|
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
June 13 – June 15 |
| Peak intensity |
100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) < 997 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
June 17 – June 24 |
| Peak intensity |
100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
June 27 – July 2 |
| Peak intensity |
100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) < 999 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
July 14 – July 22 |
| Peak intensity |
85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min) ≤ 990 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 12 – August 21 |
| Peak intensity |
150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min) 925 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 15 – August 27 |
| Peak intensity |
120 mph (195 km/h) (1-min) ≤977 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 20 – August 25 |
| Peak intensity |
115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min) ≤962 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 16 – September 24 |
| Peak intensity |
100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) 973 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 22 – September 30 |
| Peak intensity |
100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) ≤990 mbar (hPa) |
The 1886 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the early summer and the first half of fall in 1886. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. It was a very active year, with ten hurricanes, seven of which struck the United States. Four hurricanes became major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea are known, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1886 cyclones, Hurricane Seven and Tropical Storm Eleven were first documented in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. They also proposed large alterations to the known tracks of several other 1886 storms.
The 1886 Atlantic hurricane season commenced at 06:00 UTC on June 13. The season was approximately average, featuring 12 tropical storms compared to the 1981–2010 annual average of 12.1. The number of hurricanes, however, was well above average, with 10 forming compared to the annual average of 6.4. The number of major hurricanes—defined as Category 3 or higher on the modern Saffir–Simpson scale—was four, compared to an average of 2.7. Owing to deficiencies in surface weather observations at the time, the total number of tropical storms in 1886 was likely higher than 12. A 2008 study indicated that about three storms may have been missed by observational records due to scarce marine traffic over the open Atlantic Ocean. All but two of the storms in 1886 affected land at some point in the tropical stages of their life cycles. Of these, four hurricanes struck the island of Cuba, a record unsurpassed in any Atlantic hurricane season since then. According to the Cuban Meteorological Society, 1886 coincided with a highly active period, 1837–1910, in which one hurricane struck the island every 9.25 years. Additionally, seven hurricanes made landfall in the United States, establishing a record for the number of hurricane strikes in a single season. The years 1886–1887 featured 11 U.S. hurricane landfalls, setting a record for consecutive seasons until 2004–2005, when 12 such storms hit the country. Hurricane activity centered on the Gulf of Mexico: all seven landfalls in 1886 occurred on the U.S. Gulf Coast, with no hurricanes making landfall along the Atlantic Seaboard.
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