The 1982–83 season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica's 79th season in existence and the club's 49th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football, covering the period from 1 July 1982 to 30 June 1983. Benfica competed domestically in the Primeira Divisão and the Taça de Portugal, and participated in the UEFA Cup after coming in second in previous league.

In the new season, manager Lajos Baróti was replaced by Sven-Göran Eriksson. The Swede released several players from the squad, but only added Diamantino Miranda. The league campaign saw Benfica win the first eleven league games, opening a four-point gap by the end of the first round. In Europe, Benfica progressed through the UEFA Cup, by eliminating Real Betis, KSC Lokeren and FC Zürich. The domestic campaign in the second half of the season was less impressive, with Benfica having three batches of two consecutive draws. In the UEFA Cup, Benfica eliminated Roma in the quarter-finals and Universitatea Craiova in the semis, before they meeting Anderlecht in the UEFA Cup Final. A away loss and home draw cost them the trophy. Still, five consecutive wins in the final five league matches secured the club's 25th Primeira Divisão title. The last match of the season, the Taça de Portugal Final was postponed and only played in the following season.

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