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1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement

1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 中華人民共和國和蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯盟關於中蘇國界東段的協定
Simplified Chinese 中华人民共和国和苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟关于中苏国界东段的协定
Mongolian name
Mongolian Хятад улс болон Хятад-ЗХУ-ын хилийн гэрээний зүүн хэсэгт Зөвлөлт Социалист Бүгд Найрамдах Холбоот Улс
Russian name
Russian Соглашение между Союзом Советских Социалистических Республик и Китайской Народной Республикой о советско-китайской государственной границе на её Восточной части
Kazakh name
Kazakh Қытай Халық Республикасы және Қытай- Кеңес шекара келісім шығыс учаскесінде Кеңестік Социалистік Республикалар Одағы
Kyrgyz name
Kyrgyz Кытай Эл Республикасынын жана Кытай - СССР чек ара макулдашуусу чыгыш бөлүгү боюнча ССРинин Республикалар Союзу
Tajik name
Tajik Созишнома байни Иттиҳоди Ҷумҳуриҳои Шӯравии Сотсиалистӣ ва Ҷумҳурии Мардумии Чин дар бораи сарҳади давлатӣ Сино шӯравӣ оид ба қисми шарқии он

The 1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement was a treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union that set up demarcation work to resolve most of the border disputes between the two states. Initially signed by China and the Soviet Union, the terms of the agreement were resumed by Russia after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The treaty resulted in some minor territorial changes along the border.

The border between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China had long been an issue of contention. The Sino-Soviet border was a legacy of various treaties between the Qing Dynasty and the Russian Empire, the Treaty of Aigun and the Treaty of Beijing, in which Russia gained over 1 million km² (400,000 mi²) of territory in Manchuria at China's expense, and another 500,000 km² in the western regions from several other treaties. These treaties have long been regarded by Chinese as unequal treaties, and the issue partially arose again with the Sino-Soviet split, with tensions eventually leading to division-scale military clashes along the border in 1969.

Even as tensions lessened and leaders on both sides adopted more conciliatory attitudes, the border issue remained unresolved. Despite their view of the previous border treaties as unequal ones, Chinese leaders were willing to negotiate on the basis of the modern boundaries. That left about 35,000 km² of territory in dispute, with about 28,000 km² in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan, 6,000 km² elsewhere along the western border, and about 1,000 km² along the Argun, Amur, and Ussuri rivers on the eastern border. Border negotiations were eventually resumed in 1987 at Mikhail Gorbachev's initiation. An agreement was reached on the eastern portion of the border on May 16, 1991, several months before the final dissolution of the USSR. Russia inherited most of the former Sino-Soviet border, and ratified the agreement in February 1992, while the other post-Soviet republics negotiated separate border agreements.


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