The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation the 5th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации V созыва) is the former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 5th convocation meets at the State Duma building in Moscow, worked from December 2, 2007 to December 21, 2011.

The 5th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2007 parliamentary election. Of the eleven parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 7% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system.

On December 24, 2007, the parliament re-elected Boris Gryzlov from the United Russia as the Chairman of the State Duma.

At the same time, according to tradition, until the election of the Chairman of the State Duma, the meeting carried the oldest members of the State Duma – 77 year-old of Zhores Alferov (from Communist Party).

In the State Duma of the 5th convocation operated 33 Committees.

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