A-19 122mm gun
| 122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19) | |
|---|---|
_displayed_at_the_Museum_of_Heroic_Defense_and_Liberation_of_Sevastopol_on_Sapun_Mountain.JPG)
M1931/37 at the Museum on Sapun Mountain, Sevastopol
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| Type | Tank gun |
| Place of origin | USSR |
| Production history | |
| Designer | No. 172 Plant design bureau, led by F. F. Petrov |
| Designed | 1937-1938 |
| Manufacturer | Barrikady Plant, No. 172 Plant |
| Produced | 1936-1946 |
| No. built | about 2,450 |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | Combat: 7,117 kg (15,690 lbs) Travel: 7,907 kg (17,431 lbs) |
| Length | 8.725 m (28 ft 8 in) |
| Barrel length | Bore: 5.4 m (17 ft 9 in) L/45 Overall: 5.6 m (18 ft 4 in) L/46.3 |
| Width | 2.345 m (7 ft 8 in) |
| Height | 2.27 m (7 ft 5 in) |
| Crew | 9 |
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| Shell | 122 × 785 mm. R |
| Caliber | 122 mm (4.8 in) |
| Breech | interrupted screw |
| Recoil | hydropneumatic |
| Carriage | split trail |
| Elevation | -2° to 65° |
| Traverse | 58° |
| Rate of fire | 3-4 rounds per minute |
| Muzzle velocity | 806 m/s (2,640 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 20.4 km (12.67 mi) |
122 mm corps gun M1931/37 (A-19) (Russian: 122-мм корпусная пушка обр. 1931/1937 гг. (А-19)) was a Soviet field gun developed in late 1930s by combining the barrel of the 122 mm gun M1931 (A-19) and the carriage of the 152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20). The gun was in production from 1939 until 1946. It saw action in World War II (primarily with corps and RVGK artillery of the Red Army) and remained in service for a long time after the end of the war. Vehicle-mounted variants of the gun were fitted to the IS-2 and 3 tanks and ISU-122 self-propelled gun.
In 1936 the Red Army adopted the 122 mm gun M1931, also known as A-19. Unlike earlier ordnance pieces used by the Red Army, it had split trail carriage with suspension, and consequently improved mobility and traverse. The carriage of M1931 had a number of shortcomings though. The elevation mechanism was slow and unreliable; solid-tired wheels hindered mobility to some extent; there were technological problems in carriage production.
Soon after the M1931, the Red Army received another artillery piece in form of the 152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20), developed at the No. 172 Plant, under F. F. Petrov. This led to an upgrade of the M1931, handled also by Petrov's design bureau. The barrel of the M1931 was placed on the carriage of a ML-20. The improved gun successfully underwent trials in September–October 1938 and on 29 April 1939 was adopted as 122 mm corps gun M1931/37. Unusually, the new variant, like the old one, was referred to as A-19.
The M1931/37 was manufactured by the Barrikady Plant in Stalingrad (1939–41), No. 172 Plant (1941–46). The number of M1931/37s manufactured can be estimated at about 2,450, not including vehicle-mounted barrels.
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