Acepromazine

Acepromazine

Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of administration	IV, IM, oral
ATC code	N05AA04 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	not approved for use in cattle
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	6.6 L/kg, high volume of distribution
Biological half-life	3 hours in horses 15.9 hours in canines
Excretion	found in equine urine up to 96 hours after dosage
Identifiers
IUPAC name 1-{10-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-10H-phenothiazin-2-yl}ethanone
CAS Number	61-00-7 Y
PubChem CID	6077
DrugBank	DB01614 Y
ChemSpider	5852 Y
UNII	54EJ303F0R
KEGG	D07065 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:44932 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL39560 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.451
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C19H22N2OS
Molar mass	326.456 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(c2cc1N(c3c(Sc1cc2)cccc3)CCCN(C)C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C19H22N2OS/c1-14(22)15-9-10-19-17(13-15)21(12-6-11-20(2)3)16-7-4-5-8-18(16)23-19/h4-5,7-10,13H,6,11-12H2,1-3H3 Y Key:NOSIYYJFMPDDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

Acepromazine or acetylpromazine (more commonly known as ACP, Ace, or by the trade names Atravet or Acezine 2, number depending on mg/ml dose) is a phenothiazine derivative antipsychotic drug. It was used on humans during the 1950s as an antipsychotic, but is now almost exclusively used on animals as a sedative and antiemetic. Its closely related analogue, chlorpromazine, is still used as an antipsychotic in humans. Acepromazine is used primarily as a chemical restraint in hyperactive or fractious animals. However, it does not relieve anxiety, and some believe it may make anxiety worse in the long run if used on an anxious animal (for example, thunderstorm phobias). The standard pharmaceutical preparation, acepromazine maleate, is used in veterinary medicine in dogs, and cats. It is used widely in horses as a pre-anaesthetic sedative and has been shown to reduce anaesthesia related death. However, it should be used with caution (but is not absolutely contraindicated) in stallions due to the risk of paraphimosis and persistent priapism. Its potential for cardiac effects, namely hypotension due to peripheral vasodilation, can be profound and as such is not recommended for use in geriatric or debilitated animals, especially dogs. In these cases it is most often substituted with midazolam or diazepam and left out of the preanesthetic medication altogether.

The clinical pharmacology of acepromazine is similar to that of other phenothiazine derived anti-psychotic agents. The primary behavioral effects are attributed to its potent antagonism of D2 receptors and, to a lesser degree, the other D2-like receptors. Additional effects are related to its appreciable antagonistic effects on various other receptors, including the α₁ receptors, H₁ receptors, and mACh receptors.