Akokisa
| Akokisa | |
|---|---|
| Region | Texas |
| Extinct | 19th century |
|
unclassified
|
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
None (mis) |
|
Linguist list
|
096 |
aqp-ako |
|
qm5-ako |
|
| Glottolog | None |
The Akokisa were the indigenous tribe that lived on Galveston Bay and the lower Trinity and San Jacinto rivers in Texas, primarily in the present-day Greater Houston area. They are regarded as a band of the Atakapa Indians, closely related to the Atakapa of Lake Charles, Louisiana.
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca wrote about the Akosisa in 1528, calling them the "Han." An early reported encounter with the Akokisa by a European person was in 1719 when Simars de Bellisle, a French officer, was held captive by the Akokisa until 1721. His account of his captivity provides some information about Akokisa culture.
John Sibley in 1805 reported that they previously lived near Matagorda Bay on the west bank of the Colorado River (Texas) in ancient times.
Around the 1750s the Akokisa were divided into five village groups. Some Akokisa people entered the San Ildefonso Mission in 1748-9 but left in 1755. That mission was abandoned and replaced by Nuestra Señora de la Luz Mission, built in 1756-57 on the Trinity River, to serve the Akokisa and Bidais tribes.
In 1805, the Akokisa were reduced to two villages. One coastal village lay between the Sabine and Neches Rivers; the other was on the west side Colorado River. The Akokisas may have been absorbed into other tribes at the wake of the Texas Revolution of 1835-6.
In 1947, Orobio counted about 300 families for each village, an estimated total between 1,200-1,250.
The name Akokisa is of unknown origin, although John R. Swanton has speculated that the name may be from the Atakapa word icāk meaning "person". The Akokisa have also been known by the following names (and spellings): Accockesaws, Accokesaus, Accokesaws, Aco-ke-sas, Arkokisa, Horcoquisa, Ocosaus, Orcoquisa(s), Orcoquisacs, Orcoquizas.
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