Anatoly Lukyanov
| Anatoly Lukyanov Анатолий Лукьянов |
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| Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union | |
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In office 15 March 1990 – 22 August 1991 |
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| President | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Preceded by | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union | |
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In office 1 October 1988 – 15 March 1990 |
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| President | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Preceded by | Pyotr Demichev |
| Succeeded by | Gennady Yanayev (as vice president) |
| Head of the General Department of the Central Committee | |
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In office 24 May 1985 – 17 January 1987 |
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| Preceded by | Klavdii Bogolyubov |
| Succeeded by | Valery Boldin |
| Candidate member of the 27th Politburo | |
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In office 30 September 1988 – 14 July 1990 |
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| Member of the 27th Secretariat | |
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In office 28 January 1987 – 30 September 1988 |
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| Personal details | |
| Born |
7 May 1930 Smolensk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Soviet and Russian |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Russian Federation |
| Other political affiliations |
Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Profession | Civil servant |
Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov (Russian: Анатолий Иванович Лукьянов) (born 7 May 1930 in Smolensk) is a Russian Communist politician who was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR between 15 March 1990 and 22 August 1991. One of the founders of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) in 1993, he is described by its leader Gennady Zyuganov as the "Deng Xiaoping" of the party. He published books of poetry under his own name and under the pseudonyms Osenev (Осенев) and Dneprov (Днепров).
Lukyanov was an early political ally of Mikhail Gorbachev, supporting his efforts in issues such as the fight against corruption and the start of reforms in the economy; however, beginning in 1987-88, he increasingly sympathized with the party establishment, correctly foreseeing that Gorbachev's policies unleashed forces that would destroy the USSR.
Lukyanov was born in Smolensk on 7 May 1930, the son of a Red Army officer who was later killed in action during World War II. He graduated from the Law School of the Moscow State University in 1953, while also being a member of the Communist Youth League (Komsomol). During his years in law school, he befriended Mikhail Gorbachev, who was also studying there at the time, becoming an early political ally. He went on to earn a post-graduate degree in Constitutional Law and a PhD in Public Law.
From 1956 to 1961 Lukyanov worked as a legal adviser at the Legal Commission of the Soviet Council of Ministers, and later was an adviser on legislation-drafting at the Supreme Soviet and worked on constitutional law issues at the Central Committee. He also served as a constitutional adviser to the governments of the People's Republic of Poland and the Hungarian People's Republic.
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