Armodafinil
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Nuvigil, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a602016 |
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| Dependence liability |
Low |
| Routes of administration |
Oral (tablets) |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Liver, including CYP3A4 and other pathways |
| Biological half-life | 12–15 hours |
| Excretion | Urine (as metabolites) |
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| ChEMBL | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.207.833 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C15H15NO2S |
| Molar mass | 273.35 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (Jmol) | |
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Armodafinil (trade name Nuvigil) is the enantiopure compound of the wakefulness-promoting agent, or eugeroic, modafinil (Provigil). It consists of only the (R)-(−)-enantiomer of the racemic modafinil. Armodafinil is produced by the pharmaceutical company Cephalon Inc. and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2007. In 2016, the FDA granted Mylan rights for the first generic version of Cephalon's Nuvigil to be marketed in the U.S.
Although they have similar half-lives, armodafinil reaches its peak concentration in the blood later after administration than modafinil does, which may make it more effective at improving wakefulness in patients with excessive daytime sleepiness.
Armodafinil is currently FDA-approved to treat excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and shift work disorder. It is commonly used off-label to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, and major depressive disorder. It has been shown to improve vigilance in air traffic controllers.
Armodafinil is approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of narcolepsy and shift work sleep disorder, and as an adjuvant therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. For narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea, armodafinil is taken as a once daily 150 mg or 250 mg dose in the morning. For shift work sleep disorder, 150 mg of armodafinil are taken one hour prior to starting work. Slow dose titration is needed to mitigate some side effects.
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