Arnulf Rainer (film)
| Arnulf Rainer | |
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Film stock with several frames of Arnulf Rainer
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| Directed by | Peter Kubelka |
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7 minutes |
| Country | Austria |
Arnulf Rainer is a 1960 Austrian experimental short film by Peter Kubelka. It is one of the earliest flicker films. The film alternates between light or the absence of light and sound or the absence of sound. Since its May 1960 premiere in Vienna, Arnulf Rainer has become known as a fundamental work for structural film. Kubelka released a "negative" version, titled Antiphon, in 2012.
Arnulf Rainer uses only solid black or white film frames, and its audio alternates between white noise and silence. As with his two previous films Adebar and Schwechater, Kubelka arranged Arnulf Rainer as a "metric film", constructed from fixed durations analogous to musical note values. The film is broken into 16 sections, each one lasting precisely 24 seconds (576 frames). The sections are composed of "phrases" that span 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 144, 192, or 288 frames. All but one of the sections move from longer phrases to shorter phrases. The film creates suspense with the prolonged elements and action with the faster rhythms it uses to alternate between elements.
The rapid, intense patterns of light and sound often produce illusory effects. Interplay between the audio and visual components can make it challenging to distinguish which patterns are being seen and which are heard. Persistent afterimages produce the appearance of swirling colors. Viewers may experience a transparent halo off-screen, particularly during the transitions between sections.
After his clients' negative response to Adebar and Schwechater, Kubelka moved from Vienna, Austria to , Sweden. His friend, painter Arnulf Rainer, commissioned him to make a film about Rainer. Before Kubelka was able to purchase film for the project, he laid out patterns on pieces of paper. He made the film out of two strips of film stock—one transparent and one black—and two strips of magnetic sound—one with no signal and one with continuous white noise. Kubelka named the film after Rainer as thanks for sponsoring the project and as a "compromise" in the event that he was disillusioned with the result.Arnulf Rainer premiered May 1960 in Vienna, where most of the audience walked out of the screening. Kubelka has stated that after the premiere, he "lost most of [his] friends because of Arnulf Rainer".
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