Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related

ATR
Identifiers
Aliases	ATR, ATR serine/threonine kinase, FCTCS, FRP1, MEC1, SCKL, SCKL1
External IDs	MGI: 108028 HomoloGene: 96916 GeneCards: ATR
Gene ontology Molecular function • transferase activity • DNA binding • protein kinase activity • nucleotide binding • kinase activity • MutSalpha complex binding • protein binding • MutLalpha complex binding • ATP binding • protein serine/threonine kinase activity Cellular component • PML body • Golgi apparatus • nucleoplasm • chromosome • nuclear chromosome, telomeric region • nucleus Biological process • interstrand cross-link repair • phosphorylation • establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere • replicative senescence • cellular response to UV • DNA damage checkpoint • positive regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly • negative regulation of DNA replication • positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase • protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region • multicellular organism development • DNA replication • peptidyl-serine phosphorylation • cellular response to gamma radiation • regulation of cellular response to heat • protein autophosphorylation • cell cycle • positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator • DNA repair • response to drug • establishment of RNA localization to telomere • regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	545	245000
Ensembl	ENSG00000175054	ENSMUSG00000032409
UniProt	Q13535	Q9JKK8
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001184	NM_019864
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001175	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 142.45 – 142.58 Mb	Chr 9: 95.86 – 95.95 Mb
PubMed search

545

245000

ENSG00000175054

ENSMUSG00000032409

Q13535

Q9JKK8

NM_001184

NM_019864

NP_001175

n/a

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR also known as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or FRAP-related protein 1 (FRP1) is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ATR gene. ATR belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase protein family.

ATR is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is involved in sensing DNA damage and activating the DNA damage checkpoint, leading to cell cycle arrest. ATR is activated in response to persistent single-stranded DNA, which is a common intermediate formed during DNA damage detection and repair. Single-stranded DNA occurs at stalled replication forks and as an intermediate in DNA repair pathways such as nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination repair. ATR works with a partner protein called ATRIP to recognize single-stranded DNA coated with RPA. Once ATR is activated, it phosphorylates Chk1, initiating a signal transduction cascade that culminates in cell cycle arrest. In addition to its role in activating the DNA damage checkpoint, ATR is thought to function in unperturbed DNA replication.

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