Athanasios Papoulis (Greek: Αθανάσιος Παπούλης; 1921 – April 25, 2002) was a Greek-American engineer and applied mathematician.
Papoulis was born in Turkey in 1921, and his family moved to Athens, Greece in 1922. He earned his undergraduate degree from National Technical University of Athens. In 1945, he stowed away on a boat to escape the impending Greek Civil War and settled in the United States. He earned his Ph.D. in Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania. He married Caryl Engwall in New York, New York in 1953, and had five children: Irene, Helen, James, Ann, and Mary. In 1952, after teaching briefly at Union College, he became a faculty member at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (now Polytechnic Institute of New York University), where he earned the distinction of University Professor.
Papoulis contributed in the areas of signal processing, communications, and signal and system theory. His classic book Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes is used as a textbook in many graduate-level probability courses in electrical engineering departments all over the world.