Atyusz (genus)
| Genus (gens) Atyusz | |
|---|---|
| Country | Kingdom of Hungary |
| Founded | c. 1117 |
| Founder | Bánd I |
| Final ruler | Csaba |
| Dissolution | c. 1300 |
| Cadet branches | Almád branch |
Atyusz (also Oghuz or Ochuz) was the name of a gens (Latin for "clan"; nemzetség in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary, several prominent secular dignitaries came from this kindred.
The word "Atyusz" is most probably Turkic origin; according to Géza Nagy, that was derived from the name of Oghuz Khagan. Zoltán Gombocz says, the name came from the Turkic otuz word which means "thiry". The kindred's name itself can be rarely found in the contemporary records (only in 1274 and 1296). Beside that the phrase "de genere Almad" ("from the kindred Almád") also appears in charters issued in 1274 and 1276, the late members of the genus, Bánd III and Csaba were styled this. Gábor Nemes argues the descendants had enough to refer Atyusz III, the most influential member in order to distinguish themselves from other noblemen, furthermore Bánd III and Csaba were patrons of the Almád Abbey and emphasized that fact in their charters.
Most likely, the eponymous ancestor of the kindred was Atyusz I, the founder of the monastery in Almád, as Gyula Kristó argues, while formerly János Karácsonyi and József Holub referred to Atyusz III in this case.
The earliest known member of the family was Bánd I, who died in 1117 according to the establishing charter of the Almád Abbey, but before that, forced to swear his two sons, Atyusz I and Miska I to found the monastery. They also inherited the clan's land estates, including Almád (today Monostorapáti), Vöröstó, Bér, Szigliget and Kövesd (today part of Csopak), each of them in Zala County. The second and surviving wife of Bánd I was a certain Gyönyörű, who was not the mother of the two sons, and who went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem following his husband's death (Atyusz I referred to her as his "stepmother").
In 1121, Atyusz I founded the Benedictine monastery of Almád Abbey, dedicated to Mary the Virgin and the All Saints, and also donated eight villages. Atyusz died without male heirs thus his younger brother Miska I took over the family name by his descendants.
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