Battle of Warsaw (1656)

Battle of Warsaw
Part of Second Northern War / The Deluge
Swedish king Charles X Gustav in skirmish with Polish Tartars near Warsaw 1656
Date July 28-July 30, 1656 Location near Warsaw, Poland Result Swedish-Brandenburger victory, Polish-Lithuanian army withdrew
Belligerents
Sweden Brandenburg-Prussia	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate
Commanders and leaders
Charles X Gustav of Sweden Frederick William	John II Casimir of Poland
Strength
9,500 Swedish 8,500 Prussians Total: 18,000: 5,500 infantry 12,500 cavalry	36,000-39,000 Polish-Lithuanian 2,000 Crimean Tatars Total: about 40,000: 4,500 infantry 35,500 cavalry
Casualties and losses
between 700 and 1,300 men	between 2,000 and 4,000 men

The Battle of Warsaw (German: Schlacht von Warschau; Polish: Bitwa pod Warszawą; Swedish: Tredagarsslaget vid Warszawa) was a battle which took place near Warsaw on July 28–July 30 [O.S. July 18–20] 1656, between the armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden and Brandenburg. It was a major battle in the Second Northern War between Poland and Sweden in the period 1655–1660, also known as The Deluge. According to Hajo Holborn, it marked "the beginning of Prussian military history".

In the battle, a smaller Swedish-Brandenburg force gained victory over a Polish-Lithuanian force superior in numbers, though in the long term the victory achieved little. Polish-Lithuanian losses were insignificant, since the Polish noble levy promptly retreated from the battlefield.

The Polish-Lithuanian forces, commanded by King John II Casimir of Poland, comprised about 24-25,000 regulars, which included only 950 Winged Hussars - 8 banners), 2,000 Tatars and 10-13,000 of the noble levy (pospolite ruszenie), altogether some 40,000 men of which only about 4,500 were infantry. The allied armies of Sweden and Brandenburg, commanded by King Charles X of Sweden and Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg, were only 18,000 strong, comprising 12,500 cavalry (60 squadrons), and 5,500 infantry (15 brigades), which included 8,500 Brandenburg men. Second in command of Brandenburg's forces was Otto Christoph von Sparr.

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