Božena Benešová
| Božena Benešová | |
|---|---|
Sandstone bust of Božena Benešová at her final place of residence in Prague-Bubeneč, where she lived for many years
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| Born |
Božena Zapletalová November 30, 1873 Nový Jičín, Czechoslovakia |
| Died | April 8, 1936 (age 62) Prague |
| Occupation | writer |
| Years active | 1902–36 |
| Spouse(s) | Josef Beneš (1896-1912; see below) |
Božena Benešová, née Zapletalová (November 30, 1873, Nový Jičín - April 8, 1936, Prague), was a Czech author and poet whose work is considered to have been at the forefront of psychological prose. The greater part of her youth was spent in Uherské Hradiště and Napajedla, where in 1896 she married a railway clerk named Josef Beneš. In 1908 she and her husband moved to Prague.
Benešová and her husband divorced in 1912 but continued living together until his death in 1933. Her friendship with the writer , whom she met in 1902 in Frenštát pod Radhoštěm, had a tremendous influence on her life. Svobodová helped Benešová to overcome a resigned melancholia after the wedding and supported her as a writer. The friends corresponded prolifically, Svobodová visited Benešová in Moravia, and they traveled together to Italy (e.g., in 1903 and in 1907). Their friendship lasted until Svobodová's death in 1920. Svobodová had had the effect of a disciplinarian on Benešová (as she had earlier had on actress/writer Hana Kvapilová), overseeing that she read and write daily and compelling her to finish her manuscripts. Svobodová introduced Benešová to , a Francophilic Czech literary critic who would have profound national influence during the interwar period and who is now viewed as the founder of modern Czech criticism. According to Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, "The novelist Marie Pujmanová, who was a fairly close friend of Benešová's after the Great War, relates that young Benešová had enthusiastically read Dostoyevsky and Maupassant, but that, under the guidance of F. X. Šalda, she came to admire Flaubert even more."
On their second trip to Italy, in 1907, they were accompanied by the renowned Czech poet, essayist, leader of the Realist movement and master of colloquial Czech Josef Svatopluk Machar. In 1907 and 1908 Benesova edited the supplement "Woman in Arts" in the newspaper Female Revue ("a resource for women's issues, ethnicity, culture and society"). This experience opened doors to future collaborations with other magazines, e.g., Masaryk's New Era. At this point in 1908 the family resolved to move from Moravia to Prague. During the war years, 1914–18, Benešová completed two books of short stories, Mice and Cruel Youth, and set to work on her largest literary work, the two-part novel A Human Being. In 1926 she commenced work as a secretary and librarian at the German YWCA where she eventually headed a summer camp, the starting point of her financial security. Benešová was very popular with the young women at YWCA, who formed an inner group called the "Božena Benešová girls." (A decade later, when she was gravely ill, it was to these same Božena Benešová girls that she dictated the final chapter of her final work Don Pablo, Don Pedro and Věra Lukášová.)
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