Bulgarian–Hungarian wars
| Bulgarian–Hungarian Wars | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Bulgarian Empire
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.svg){kind=small} Kingdom of Hungary
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Boris I Simeon I Duke Glad Duke Menumorut Samuil Duke Ahtum Constantine Tikh Asen Duke Gelou |
Árpád Stephen I Andrew II Béla IV Stephen Magister Laurentius Louis I |
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The Bulgarian–Hungarian wars were a series of conflicts that occurred during the 9th–14th centuries between the Bulgarian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. The nearly 500-year conflict encompassed the northern and western Balkans, or what is known today as north-western Serbia, Romania and northern Bulgaria.
The first clashes occurred in the late 9th century, in which the Hungarians were pushed west. Later, during the 10th century, the Hungarians overran the Bulgarian dukes in what is now Transylvania and conquered the eastern parts of the Pannonian Plain. Their raids against Bulgaria continued until the middle of the century when peace was restored. Both countries sustained friendly relations until 1003 when another war broke out, further diminishing Bulgarian power in Eastern Europe.
In 1185, after the re-establishment of the Bulgarian Empire, both states fought numerous conflicts for control over the provinces of Belgrade, Branicevo, Vidin and Severin Banat.
In 862, at the invitation of their ally the Moravian leader Rastislav, the Hungarians first raided Pannonia. The following year, Louis the German, king of Eastern Francia, retaliated by forging an alliance with the Bulgarians. Boris I of Bulgaria sent mounted troops to help defeat Rastislav. This retaliation began an ongoing conflict which lasted for 25 years, pitting Hungarians and Moravians against Bulgarians and Franks.
The Hungarian Conquest was one of the factors that upset this military balance. In 881, prior to the Conquest, the Moravian Svatopluk received assistance from the Hungarians who advanced as far as Vienna. Two years later, Svatopluk suffered a punishing blow from the Bulgarians. In 892, when Svatopluk once again refused to pay obeisance to the Franks, his Hungarian allies continued to aid him, but the Bulgarians retaliated again.
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Wikipedia