Bunyamwera virus

Bunyamwera virus
Virus classification
Group:	Group V ((−)ssRNA)
Order:	Unassigned
Family:	Bunyaviridae
Genus:	Orthobunyavirus
Species:	Bunyamwera virus

Bunyamwera fever
Classification and external resources
Specialty	infectious disease
ICD-10	A92.8
ICD-9-CM	066.3
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The Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) is a negative-sense single stranded enveloped RNA virus. It is the type species of the Orthobunyavirus genus, in the Bunyaviridae family.

Bunyamwera virus can infect both humans and Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito).

It is named for Bunyamwera, a town in Western Uganda where the type species was isolated in 1943. Reassortant viruses derived from Bunyamwera virus, such as Ngari virus, which has been associated with large outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic fever in Kenya and Somalia.

The genetic structure of Bunyamwera virus is typical for Bunyaviridae viruses, which are a family of enveloped negative-sense single stranded RNA viruses with a genome split into three parts—Small (S), Middle (M) and Large (L). The L RNA segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein), the M RNA segment encodes two surface glycoproteins (Gc and Gn) and a nonstructural protein (NSm), while the S RNA segment encodes a nucleocapsid protein (N) and, in an alternative overlapping reading frame, a second nonstructural protein (NSs). The genomic RNA segments are encapsidated by copies of the N protein in the form of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. The N protein is the most abundant protein in virus particles and infected cells and, therefore, the main target in many serological and molecular diagnostics.

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