Buspirone

Buspirone
Clinical data

Pronunciation	/ˈbjuːspᵻroʊn/ (BEW-spi-rohn)
Trade names	Buspar
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a688005
Pregnancy category	AU: B1 US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	By mouth
ATC code	N05BE01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) CA: ℞-only UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	3.9%
Protein binding	86–95%
Metabolism	Hepatic (via CYP3A4)
Biological half-life	2.5 hours
Excretion	Urine: 29–63% Feces: 18–38%
Identifiers
IUPAC name 8-[4-(4-Pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione
CAS Number	36505-84-7^Y
PubChem CID	2477
IUPHAR/BPS	36
DrugBank	DB00490^Y
ChemSpider	2383^Y
UNII	TK65WKS8HL
KEGG	D07593^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:3223^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL49^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.048.232
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₁H₃₁N₅O₂
Molar mass	385.50314 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C1N(CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C3=NC=CC=N3)C(CC4(CCCC4)C1)=O
InChI InChI=1S/C21H31N5O2/c27-18-16-21(6-1-2-7-21)17-19(28)26(18)11-4-3-10-24-12-14-25(15-13-24)20-22-8-5-9-23-20/h5,8-9H,1-4,6-7,10-17H2^Y Key:QWCRAEMEVRGPNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y

Buspirone, brand name Buspar, is an anxiolytic drug that is primarily used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It is also commonly used to augment antidepressants in the treatment of depression. Unlike most anxiolytics, the pharmacology of buspirone is not related to that of benzodiazepines or barbiturates, and so buspirone does not carry the risk of physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms for which those drug classes are known.

Buspirone is approved in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the short- or long-term treatment of anxiety disorders or can also be used for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Likewise in Australia, buspirone is licensed for the treatment of anxiety disorders. In the United Kingdom, buspirone is indicated only for the short-term treatment of anxiety.

Buspirone has no immediate anxiolytic effects, and hence has a delayed onset of action; its full clinical effectiveness may require 2 to 4 weeks to manifest. The drug has been shown to be similarly effective in the treatment of GAD to benzodiazepines including diazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam, and clorazepate. Buspirone is not known to be effective in the treatment of other anxiety disorders besides GAD, although there is some limited evidence that it may be useful in the treatment of social phobia as an adjunct to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

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