Calcein

Calcein

Names
Other names Fluorexon
Identifiers
CAS Number	1461-15-0 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:51903 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1973733 N
ChemSpider	58589 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.014.507
PubChem	65079
InChI InChI=1S/C30H26N2O13/c33-21-7-23-19(5-15(21)9-31(11-25(35)36)12-26(37)38)30(18-4-2-1-3-17(18)29(43)45-30)20-6-16(22(34)8-24(20)44-23)10-32(13-27(39)40)14-28(41)42/h1-8,33-34H,9-14H2,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)(H,39,40)(H,41,42) Y Key: DEGAKNSWVGKMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C30H26N2O13/c33-21-7-23-19(5-15(21)9-31(11-25(35)36)12-26(37)38)30(18-4-2-1-3-17(18)29(43)45-30)20-6-16(22(34)8-24(20)44-23)10-32(13-27(39)40)14-28(41)42/h1-8,33-34H,9-14H2,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)(H,39,40)(H,41,42) Key: DEGAKNSWVGKMLS-UHFFFAOYAD
SMILES O=C(O5)c1ccccc1C(c3cc(CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)c(O)cc3O4)5c2c4cc(O)c(CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)c2 c1ccc2c(c1)C(=O)OC23c4cc(c(cc4Oc5c3cc(c(c5)O)CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)O)CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C30H26N2O13
Molar mass	622.55 g/mol
Melting point	Decomposes
Boiling point	N/A
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Calcein, also known as fluorexon, fluorescein complex, is a fluorescent dye with excitation and emission wavelengths of 495/515 nm, respectively, and has the appearance of orange crystals. Calcein self-quenches at concentrations above 70mM and is commonly used as an indicator of lipid vesicle leakage. It is also used traditionally as a complexometric indicator for titration of calcium ions with EDTA, and for fluorometric determination of calcium.

The non-fluorescent acetomethoxy derivate of calcein (calcein AM, AM = acetoxymethyl) is used in biology as it can be transported through the cellular membrane into live cells, which makes it useful for testing of cell viability and for short-term labeling of cells. Alternatively, Fura-2 , Furaptra , Indo-1 and aequorin may be used. An acetomethoxy group obscures the part of the molecule that chelates Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺ and other ions. After transport into the cells, intracellular esterases remove the acetomethoxy group, the molecule gets trapped inside and gives out strong green fluorescence. As dead cells lack active esterases, only live cells are labeled and counted by flow cytometry.

Calcein is now rarely used as a Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ indicator because its fluorescence is directly sensitive to these ions only at strongly alkaline pH, and thus it is not particularly useful for measuring Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ in cells. Fluorescence of calcein is quenched strongly by Co²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ and appreciably by Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ at physiological pH. This fluorescence quenching response can be exploited for detecting the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and for measuring cell volume changes. Calcein is commonly used for cell tracing and in studies of endocytosis, cell migration, and gap junctions.