Carl Ludwig II, 5th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (German: Karl Ludwig Wilhelm Leopold Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg; 25 October 1829 – 16 May 1907), was the eldest son of Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. He was the fifth Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

Carl Ludwig II was born at Langenburg, then in the Kingdom of Württemberg, as the first child of Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1794–1860; son of Carl Ludwig I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Countess Amalie of Solms-Baruth) and his wife, Princess Feodora of Leiningen (1807–1862), daughter of Emich Carl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. His mother was the half-sister of Queen Victoria.

After living in Dresden and Gotha for educational purposes, he studied three semesters of law at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin (1850–51). He then spent several years in Langenburg to prepare for his upcoming role as a nobleman. It was not until the mid-1850s that he struck a military career in the Austrian army, later the Württemberg Army, although he was appointed in 1848 to Württemberg Officer.

At the death of his father on 12 April 1860, Carl Ludwig inherited the title, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (German: Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg). He renounced the title on 21 April 1860 in favour of his younger brother Hermann, after he intended to marry unequally. However, he retained the title of Prince (German: Prinz).

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