a. ^ "Himnusz" was used before and after the Communist era as Hungary's national anthem. As its lyrics include the word "God", the Communists tried but failed to create an alternative anthem and decided to use "Himnusz" without its words.

The Hungarian People's Republic (Hungarian: Magyar Népköztársaság), commonly known as Hungary is the period of Hungarian history that covers from 20 August 1949 until 23 October 1989 when the country was ruled as a socialist republic. It was governed by the Socialist Workers' Party, which was under the influence of the Soviet Union. The state remained in existence until 1989 when opposition forces consolidated in forcing upon the government to abandon communism. The state considered itself the heir to the Hungarian Soviet Republic, which was formed in 1919 as the first communist state created after Soviet Russia. It was designated a people's democratic republic by the Soviet Union in the 1940s. Geographically, it bordered Romania and the Soviet Union (via the Ukraine) to the east; Yugoslavia to the south-west; Czechoslovakia to the north and Austria to the west.

Following the occupation of Hungary by the Red Army, Soviet military occupation ensued. After seizing most material assets from German hands, the Soviets tried, and to a certain extent managed, to control Hungarian political affairs. Using coercion through force, the Red Army set up police organs to persecute the opposition, assuming this would enable the Soviet Union to seize the upcoming elections, in conjunction with intense communist propaganda to attempt to legitimize their rule. The Hungarian Communist Party, despite all the efforts, was trounced, receiving only 17% of votes, by a Smallholder-led coalition under Prime Minister Zoltán Tildy, thus frustrating the Kremlin's expectations of ruling through a democratically elected government.

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