Crematogaster peringueyi
| Black cocktail ant | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Crematogastrini |
| Genus: | Crematogaster |
| Species: | C. peringueyi |
| Binomial name | |
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Crematogaster peringueyi Emery, 1895 |
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Crematogaster peringueyi is a southern African arboreal species of ant. They are commonly known as the black cocktail ant or swartwipgatmier (Afrikaans) for their colour and habit of arching their tails when alarmed.
They make their nests in old Protea flowers, dead, hollow branches, and under tree bark, also making nests constructed of well-chewed vegetable matter with the consistency of papier-mâché. The outer walls of these nests are blackened by the salivary secretions, and are thin, with the interior divided into irregular, connected cells, like a coarse sponge. These more or less spherical nests, ranging in diameter from 10-30 cm, are built in a fork or among the branches, some of the branches passing through the nest. Workers are glossy black and 3–5 mm long while the larger queen is about 8 mm long, both having heart-shaped abdomens.
Pheromone alarms are common among the social Hymenoptera. Some of these have been chemically identified, but the number is still small compared with the large number of species making use of them. The ketone octan-3-one is seen as the major component of the pheromone complex secreted from the heads of C. peringueyi.
The sting or venom gland of C. peringueyi has become transformed into a gland secreting a smelly and irritant fluid, which, together with the ant's painful bite, is a strong deterrent.
Butterflies belonging to the family Lycaenidae, like the Common Opal (Chrysoritis thysbe), Dickson's Copper (Chrysoritis dicksoni) and other members of this genus, have a mutualistic relationship with various species of Crematogaster. The Lycaenidae and Crematogaster spp. are strongly associated with the fynbos growing in the Natal Drakensberg, and on Table Mountain Sandstone in the western and southern Cape. C. peringueyi also occurs at Jagersfontein, De Aar, Willowmore, Clanwilliam, Garies, Springbok, and Laingsburg.
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Wikipedia