Dmitriy Mendeleev
| Dmitri Mendeleev | |
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Dmitri Mendeleev in 1897
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Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 8 February 1834 Verkhnie Aremzyani, Tobolsk Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 2 February 1907 (aged 72) Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Alma mater | Saint Petersburg University |
| Known for | Formulating the Periodic table of chemical elements |
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| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemistry, physics |
| Academic advisors | Gustav Kirchhoff |
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Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (/ˌmɛndəlˈeɪəf/;Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев; IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ mʲɪndʲɪˈlʲejɪf]; 8 February 1834 – 2 February 1907 O.S. 27 January 1834 – 20 January 1907) was a Russian chemist and inventor. He formulated the Periodic Law, created a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements, and used it to correct the properties of some already discovered elements and also to predict the properties of eight elements yet to be discovered.
Mendeleev was born in the village of Verkhnie Aremzyani, near Tobolsk in Siberia, to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev (1783—1847) and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (née Kornilieva) (1793—1850). His paternal grandfather Pavel Maximovich Sokolov was a Russian Orthodox priest from the Tver region. Ivan, along with his brothers and sisters, obtained new family names while attending the theological seminary. He worked as a school principle and a teacher of fine arts, politics and philosophy at the Tambov and Saratov gymnasiums.
Maria Kornilieva came from a well-known dynasty of Tobolsk merchants, founders of the first Siberian printing house who traced their ancestry to Yakov Korniliev, a 17th century posad man turned a wealthy merchant. In 1889 a local librarian published an article in the Tobolsk newspaper where he claimed that Yakov was a baptized Teleut, an ethnic minority known as «white Kalmyks» at the time. Since no sources were provided and no documented facts of Yakov's life were ever revealed, biographers generally dismiss it as a myth. In 1908, shortly after Mendeleev's death, one of his nieces published Family Chronicles. Memories about D. I. Mendeleev where she voiced «a family legend» about Maria's grandfather who married «a Kyrgyz or Tatar beauty whom he loved so much that when she died, he also died from grief». This, however, contradicts the documented family chronicles, and neither of those legends is supported by Mendeleev's autobiography, his daughter's or his wife's memoirs. Yet some Western scholars still refer to Mendeleev's supposed «Mongol», «Tatar», «Tartarian» or simply «Asian» ancestry as a fact.
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