Emperor Xizong of Tang
| Tang Xizong |
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| Emperor of Tang Dynasty | |||||||||||||
| Reign | August 16, 873 – April 20, 888 | ||||||||||||
| Coronation | August 16 873 | ||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Emperor Yizong | ||||||||||||
| Successor | Emperor Zhaozong | ||||||||||||
| Born | June 8, 862 | ||||||||||||
| Died | April 20, 888 | ||||||||||||
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| Dynasty | Tang Dynasty | ||||||||||||
| Full name | |
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| Era dates | |
| Qíanfú (乾符) 874–879 Guǎngmíng (廣明) 880–881 Zhōnghé (中和) 881–885 Guāngqǐ (光啟) 885–888 Wéndé (文德) 888 |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Emperor Gongding (恭定皇帝) (short) Emperor Huisheng Gongding Xiao (惠聖恭定孝皇帝) (full) |
| Tang Xizong | |||||||
| Chinese | |||||||
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| Literal meaning | "Cautious Ancestor of the Tang" | ||||||
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| Li Yan | |||||||
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| Literal meaning | (personal name) | ||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Táng Xīzōng |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Lǐ Yǎn |
Emperor Xizong of Tang (June 8, 862 – April 20, 888), né Li Yan, later name changed to Li Xuan (Chinese: , changed 873), was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He reigned from 873 to 888. He was the fifth son of his predecessor Emperor Yizong and was the elder brother of his successor Emperor Zhaozong. His reign saw his realm overrun by the great agrarian rebellions led by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao, and while both were eventually defeated, by the end of Emperor Xizong's reign, the Tang state had virtually disintegrated into pieces ruled by individual warlords, rather than the imperial government, and would never recover, falling eventually in 907.
Li Yan was born on June 8, 862, at the eastern palace in the Tang imperial capital Chang'an, as the fifth son of then-reigning Emperor Yizong. His mother was Emperor Yizong's concubine Consort Wang, who carried the title of Guifei, the highest rank carried by imperial consorts. In 865, Li Yan was created the Prince of Pu; at that time, his older brother Li Kan (李侃) was created the Prince of Ying. Consort Wang died a year later, in 866. As he was growing up, one of his constant companions was the eunuch Tian Lingzi, who attended to the stables at his mansion.
In 873, Emperor Yizong became seriously ill. The eunuch commanders of the imperial Shence Armies, Liu Xingshen (劉行深) and Han Wenyue (韓文約), despite the fact that Li Yan was one of the younger sons of Emperor Yizong, supported him as the successor. Thereafter, an edict was issued in Emperor Yizong's name, creating Li Yan Crown Prince. The edict also changed Li Yan's name to Li Xuan. Emperor Yizong died that day, and Li Xuan took the throne as Emperor Xizong, with his brother-in-law, the chancellor Wei Baoheng, serving as regent for several days. He posthumously honored his mother Consort Wang as empress dowager and created Liu and Han dukes.
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