Empress Xiaoduanwen
| Empress Xiaoduanwen | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empress Consort of the Qing dynasty | |||||||||
| Reign | 1636–1643 | ||||||||
| Successor | Borjigit, Demoted Empress | ||||||||
| Empress Dowager of the Qing dynasty | |||||||||
| Reign | 1643–1649 alongside Empress Xiaozhuangwen |
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| Successor | Empress Xiaohuizhang | ||||||||
| Born | 31 May 1600 | ||||||||
| Died | 28 May 1649 (aged 48) | ||||||||
| Spouse | Hong Taiji | ||||||||
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| Father | Manggusi | ||||||||
| Full name | |
|---|---|
| Borjigit Jerjer (博爾濟吉特‧哲哲) | |
| Posthumous name | |
| Empress Xiaoduan Zhengjing Renyi Zheshun Cixi Zhuangmin Futian Xiesheng Wen (孝端正敬仁懿哲順慈僖庄敏輔天協聖文皇后) |
| Empress Xiaoduanwen | |||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 孝端文皇后 | ||||||
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| Borjigit Jerjer | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 博爾濟吉特‧哲哲 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 博尔济吉特‧哲哲 | ||||||
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| Manchu name | |||||||
| Manchu script | ᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ᡧᡠ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ ᠵᡝᡵᠵᡝᡵ | ||||||
| Romanization | hiyoošungga doronggo genggiyen šu hūwangheo Jerjer | ||||||
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Xiàoduānwén Huánghòu |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Bó'ěrjìjítè Zhézhé |
Empress Xiaoduanwen (31 May 1600 – 28 May 1649), of the Mongol Borjigit clan, personal name Jerjer or Jere, was the Empress Consort of Hong Taiji, the second ruler of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty.
Jerjer was a Khorchin Mongol by birth and was from the Borjigit clan, the clan of Genghis Khan. Her father, Manggusi (莽古思), was a beile of the Khorchin Mongols. Her mother was Manggusi's primary consort.
Jerjer married Hong Taiji, the ruler of the Later Jin dynasty, on 28 May 1614 and became his primary consort even though she was not his first wife. In 1636, after Hong Taiji renamed the Later Jin dynasty to Qing dynasty, he instated Jerjer as his Empress. Two of Jerjer's nieces, Bumbutai and Harjol, were also Hong Taiji's consorts.
After Hong Taiji's death in 1643, Jerjer was honoured as "Mother Empress, Empress Dowager" (母后皇太后) by the Shunzhi Emperor, Hong Taiji's ninth son and successor. The emperor's birth mother, Bumbutai (Jerjer's niece), was similarly honoured as "Holy Mother, Empress Dowager" (聖母皇太后).
Jerjer died in 1649 and was interred in the Zhaoling Mausoleum in Shenyang. She was posthumously honoured with the title "Empress Xiaoduanwen".
Jerjer bore Hong Taiji three daughters:
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Wikipedia