Enobosarm
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By mouth |
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| Biological half-life | 24 hours |
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| Synonyms | Ostarine; S-22; GTx-024; MK-2866 |
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| Formula | C19H14F3N3O3 |
| Molar mass | 389.33 g/mol |
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| Melting point | 70 to 74 °C (158 to 165 °F) |
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Enobosarm, also known as ostarine, is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) from GTX, Inc for treatment of conditions such as muscle wasting and osteoporosis, formerly under development by Merck & Company.
According to a recent paper authored by GTx, "Readers are cautioned to note that the name ostarine is often mistakenly linked to the chemical structure of [S-4], which is also known as andarine. The chemical structure of ostarine has not been publicly disclosed." While GTx has not formally disclosed the structure of ostarine, the chemical composition of ostarine is revealed in patent databases such the WIPO and discussed by Zhang et al., 2009 in the primary literature. Various SARM chemotypes exist (aryl propionamides, quinolines, quinolinones, bicyclic hydantoins), though aryl propionamides such as ostarine, andarine/S-4, and S-23 represent some of the most advanced putative therapeutics under investigation. In terms of atom connectivity, enobosarm differs from andarine by cyano substitutions on the phenyl rings as it replaces both the nitro and acetamido moieties.
Selective androgen receptor modulators may be used by athletes to assist in training and increase physical stamina and fitness, potentially producing effects similar to anabolic steroids. For this reason, SARMs were banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency in January 2008 despite no drugs from this class yet being in clinical use, and blood tests for all known SARMs have been developed.
In June 2013, professional cyclist Nikita Novikov was provisionally suspended after a possible breach of anti-doping rules, due to a positive A-sample result for Ostarine.
UFC Fighter Tim Means was pulled from a fight in February 2017 after testing positive for Ostarine in a pre-fight drug screening administered by USADA.
In June 2015 Azerbaijan's Chaltu Beji tested positive for doping at the 2015 European Games in Baku. The 18-year-old Ethiopian-born Beji tested positive for the banned substance Ostarine in a urine sample with a B sample confirming the result. She won the 3,000 meter steeplechase event despite falling at the last water jump, she was disqualified because of the positive tests.
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