Fortaleza de São João (Rio de Janeiro)

Fortress of São João of the Harbor
Fortaleza de São João da Barra
Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil
Fortaleza de São João, seen from Sugarloaf Mountain
Fortaleza de São João Location of Fortaleza de São João in Brazil
Coordinates	22°56′36″S 43°09′23″W / 22.943372°S 43.156458°W / -22.943372; -43.156458
Type	Bastion fort
Site information
Owner	Brazilian Armed Forces
Open to the public	Yes
Condition	Intact
Site history
Built	1565 (1565)
Built by	Portuguese Empire: Sebastian I of Portugal
In use	1991 (1991)

The Fortaleza de São João da Barra do Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese for: Fortress of Saint John of the Harbor of Rio de Janeiro), popularly known as the Fortaleza de São João or Forte (de) São João (Fort (of) Saint John), is a 16th-century star fort in the present-day Urca neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, erected by Estácio de Sá to protect Guanabara Bay from French invasion.

The original fort was built in 1565 under King Sebastian of Portugal. An expanded and improved structure was put into service in 1618, consisting of four batteries (São José, São Martinho, São Teodósio, and São Diogo). Its armaments were greatly reduced, and not manned, during Brazil's Regency period, but Dom Pedro II ordered the fort completely renovated in 1872, and it was equipped with a complement of guns, bunkers, and batteries, including fifteen Whitworth cannons. It was manned as a coastal artillery installation until 1991.

In 1930, the Brazilian Army's Centro Militar de Educação Física (created in 1922) was transferred to the Fortaleza de São João. This establishment was renamed Escola de Educação Física do Exército () in 1933 and continues to be based at the Fortaleza de São João, together with the directorate to which it is subordinated, the Diretoria de Pesquisa e Estudos de Pessoal (), since the latter's creation in 2002.