Foscarnet

Foscarnet
Clinical data


Trade names	Foscavir
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601144
Pregnancy category	AU: B3 US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Intravenous
ATC code	J05AD01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	NA
Protein binding	14-17%
Biological half-life	3.3-6.8 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name phosphonoformic acid
Synonyms	phosphonomethanoic acid, dihydroxyphosphinecarboxylic acid oxide
CAS Number	4428-95-9^N
PubChem CID	3415
IUPHAR/BPS	5497
DrugBank	DB00529^Y
ChemSpider	3297^Y
UNII	364P9RVW4X
KEGG	C06456^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:127780^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL666^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.224.300
Chemical and physical data
Formula	CH₃O₅P
Molar mass	126.005 g/mol 300.1 g/mol (foscarnet trisodium hexahydrate)
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(O)P(=O)(O)O
InChI InChI=1S/CH3O5P/c2-1(3)7(4,5)6/h(H,2,3)(H2,4,5,6)^Y Key:ZJAOAACCNHFJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?)

Foscarnet is the conjugate base of the chemical compound with the formula HO₂CPO₃H₂. Foscarnet sodium is used as an antiviral medication.

Foscarnet was approved for medical use in 1991.

This phosphonic acid derivative (marketed by Clinigen as foscarnet sodium under the trade name Foscavir) is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes viruses, including drug-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). It is particularly used to treat CMV retinitis. Foscarnet can be used to treat highly treatment-experienced patients with HIV as part of salvage therapy.

Foscarnet is a structural mimic of the anion pyrophosphate that selectively inhibits the pyrophosphate binding site on viral DNA polymerases at concentrations that do not affect human DNA polymerases.

In individuals treated with the DNA polymerase inhibitors acyclovir or ganciclovir, HSV or CMV particles can develop mutant protein kinases (thymidine kinase or UL97 protein kinase, respectively) that make them resistant to these antiviral drugs. However, unlike acyclovir and ganciclovir, foscarnet is not activated by viral protein kinases, making it useful in acyclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant HSV and CMV infections.

However, acyclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant mutants with alterations in viral DNA polymerase may also be resistant to foscarnet.

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Wikipedia