Gramsci

Antonio Gramsci
Gramsci in 1916
Born	(1891-01-22)22 January 1891 Ales, Sardinia, Kingdom of Italy
Died	27 April 1937(1937-04-27) (aged 46) Rome, Kingdom of Italy
Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	Western Philosophy
School	Western Marxism
Main interests	Politics, ideology, culture
Notable ideas	Cultural hegemony, war of position, the distinction between "traditional" and "organic" intellectuals
Influences Karl Marx, Niccolò Machiavelli, Vladimir Lenin, Antonio Labriola, Georges Sorel, Benedetto Croce, Giovanni Gentile, Daniel De Leon, Giambattista Vico
Influenced Stuart Hall, Eric Hobsbawm, Carlo Rosselli, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Piero Gobetti, Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, Edward Said, Raymond Williams, Néstor García Canclini, Giovanni Arrighi, Alex Callinicos, Nicos Poulantzas, Gayatri Spivak, Nick Srnicek, Alex Williams, Alain de Benoist, Nouvelle Droite

Antonio Francesco Gramsci (Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo fran'tʃesko ˈɡramʃi],  listen ; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist theorist and politician. He wrote on political theory, sociology and linguistics. He attempted to break from the economic determinism of traditional Marxist thought and so is considered a key neo-Marxist. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy and was imprisoned by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime.

He wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3,000 pages of history and analysis during his imprisonment. His Prison Notebooks are considered a highly original contribution to 20th century political theory. Gramsci drew insights from varying sources – not only other Marxists but also thinkers such as Niccolò Machiavelli, Vilfredo Pareto, Georges Sorel and Benedetto Croce. The notebooks cover a wide range of topics, including Italian history and nationalism, the French Revolution, Fascism, Fordism, civil society, folklore, religion and high and popular culture.