Haplogroup C-M48

Haplogroup C-M48 (C2b1b)
Possible time of origin	14,700 [95% CI 13,300 <-> 16,100] years before present
Possible place of origin	perhaps Mongolia or the Lake Baikal region
Coalescence age	2,750 ± 1,370 years before present 3,500 [95% CI 300–19,700] years before present 3,800 [95% CI 3,100 <-> 4,600] years before present 5,940 ± 2,900 years (evolutionary mutation rate) or 1,630 ± 800 years (genealogical mutation rate) 10,800 ± 2,300 years ago or 9,300 ± 3,300 years ago
Ancestor	C-F1699 (C2b1)
Defining mutations	M48, M77, M86
Highest frequencies	Oroqen 42%-68%,Evenks 44%-71%,Evenks 27%-70%,Udegey 60%,Negidal 20%-100%,Evens 5%-61%,Kazakhs 42%-63%,Itelmen 39%,Ulchi/Nanai 38%,Kalmyks 37%-45%,Nivkhs 35%,Koryaks 33%,Yukaghir 23%,/>Mongolians 18%-46% (Uriankhai 33%, Zakhchin 30%, Khalkh 15%, Khoton 10%), Dolgans 12%,Hezhe 11%,Tuvans 9% [6%-20%],Kyrgyz 7% [5%-12%]

Haplogroup C-M48 also known as C2b1b is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

It is found frequently amongst members of Central Asian and Siberian peoples, such as the Evenks,Evens,Kazakhs,Koryaks, Mongols (especially Oirats, such as Kalmyks,Zakhchin,Uriankhai, and the population of northwest Mongolia in general), and Yukaghirs.

Haplogroup C-M48 also has been found occasionally in some ethnic groups outside its typical range in Siberia and Central Asia, such as Japanese (2/53 Kyushu, 1/70 Tokushima, 0/61 Shizuoka, 0/45 Okinawa, 0/26 Aomori, 0/4 Ainu), Tibetans (4/479 Xizang, 0/52 Qinghai), and Russians (1/406), some of whom exhibit divergent Y-STR haplotypes. Karmin et al. 2015 have found a divergent branch of C-M48, which they have named C3c2, in three Koryaks and one Evenk.

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