Harold Barnwell
| Harold Barnwell | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1878 |
| Died | 1917 |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Aircraft pioneer |
(Richard) Harold Barnwell (1878–1917) was an aviation pioneer. He was born in Lewisham in south east London, the son of Richard Barnwell, a director of the Clyde shipbuilder, Fairfields. Barnwell was brought up at Elcho House in Balfron, Stirlingshire, and educated at Fettes College in Edinburgh. He had a younger brother, Frank.
Frank and Harold Barnwell built their first glider in 1905, in Balfron, and, later built three powered aircraft. They then opened the Grampian Engineering and Motor Company in 1906 at Causewayhead in Stirling. From their garage they produced three aircraft between 1908 and 1910. The first was underpowered and failed to fly, but the second aircraft, a canard biplane was successfully flown from a field in Causewayhead under the Wallace Monument on 28 July 1909. Piloted by Harold, it only flew 80 yards (75 m) at an altitude of about four metres before it crashed, but it is still recognised as Scotland’s first powered flight. Next the brothers built a monoplane with which Harold won a prize of £50 offered by the Scottish Aeronautical Society for the first flight of more than a mile to be made in Scotland in January 1911.
In 1911 both brothers moved to England, and in 1912 Harold, after gaining his pilot's license (No.278) at the Bristol school at Brooklands in September joined the staff of the new Vickers School of Flying, also at Brooklands. Here he was the instructor who helped Noel Pemberton-Billing win his £50 bet with Frederick Handley Page by learning to fly and gaining a pilot's license in a single day. In late 1914, Harold Barnwell, now chief test pilot with Vickers Limited, designed a single seat "scout" or fast reconnaissance aircraft, and had it built without the knowledge or approval of his employers, "borrowing" a Gnome Monosoupape rotary engine from Vickers' stores to power the aircraft. Barnwell attempted a first flight of his design, named the "Barnwell Bullet" in early 1915, but the aircraft crashed and was wrecked, possibly due to a miscalculated centre of gravity.
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