Henri Lichtenberger (12 March 1864, Mulhouse – 4 November 1941, Biarritz) was a French academic who specialized in German literature.
In 1885 he received his agrégation in German studies at Paris, and two years later, began work as a lecturer at the University of Nancy. In 1891 he became a full professor of foreign literature at Nancy, and in 1905 returned to Paris, where he served as a professor of German language and literature. In 1914-15 he was a visiting professor of comparative literature at Harvard University.