Hundred Years' War (1415-53)

Lancastrian War
Part of the Hundred Years' War
The Siege of Orléans in 1429 (Martial d'Auvergne 1493)
Date 1415 – 19 October 1453 Location France Result French victory End of the Hundred Years' War
Belligerents
Kingdom of England • Principality of Wales • English Kingdom of France Duchy of Burgundy	Kingdom of France Duchy of Brittany Kingdom of Scotland
Commanders and leaders
Henry V # Henry VI & II John of Lancaster # Thomas Montacute † John Talbot † Thomas of Lancaster † Thomas Beaufort # Humphrey of Lancaster Edward of York † Richard of York Richard Beauchamp # Thomas de Scales William de la Pole  John Beaufort # Edmund Beaufort John Fastolf Thomas Rempston François de Surienne Philip the Good Jean de Villiers  John of Luxembourg #	Charles VI # Charles VII Joan of Arc  Louis, Dauphin Arthur de Richemont Jean de Dunois La Hire # Jean de Xaintrailles Jean d'Alençon Ambroise de Loré # Jean de Brosse # Jean Bureau Charles de Bourbon Gilbert de Lafayette Gilles de Rais  Jean de Bueil Charles d'Albret † Jean Le Maingre  # Charles d'Orléans  John Stewart † Archibald Douglas † John of Darnley †

The Lancastrian War was the third phase of the Anglo-French Hundred Years' War. It lasted from 1415, when King Henry V of England invaded Normandy, to 1453 when the English lost Bordeaux. It followed a long period of peace from the end of the Caroline War in 1389. The phase was named after the House of Lancaster, the ruling house of the Kingdom of England, to which Henry V belonged.

Initial English successes, notably at the famous Battle of Agincourt, coupled with divisions among the French ruling class, allowed the English to gain control of large parts of France. In 1420, the Treaty of Troyes was signed, by which the English king married the French princess Catherine of Valois and was made heir to the throne of France. A victory on paper was thus achieved by the English, with their revindications now having legal standing. Most of the French nobility refused to recognize the agreement, however, and so military subjugation was still necessary to enforce its provisions.

King Henry V and, after his death, his brother John, Duke of Bedford, brought the English to the height of their power in France, with an English king crowned in Paris. However, by that time, with charismatic leaders such as Joan of Arc and La Hire, and with England losing its main allies, the French forces counterattacked. Charles VII of France was crowned in Notre-Dame de Reims in 1429, and from then a slow but steady reconquest of English territories ensued. Ultimately the English would lose all of their continental territories, except the Pale of Calais (which would be captured in 1558).

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