Insular Government (Philippines)
| Insular Government of the Philippine Islands | ||||||||||
| U.S. territory | ||||||||||
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.svg) .svg) From 1919, the Philippine flag
was an official flag .svg) Coat of arms
(1905–35) |
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 Location of Philippine Islands in Asia
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| Capital | Manila | |||||||||
| Languages | English (official), Spanish and Philippine languages | |||||||||
| Political structure | U.S. territory | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1901-09 | Theodore Roosevelt | ||||||||
| • | 1909-13 | William H. Taft | ||||||||
| • | 1913-21 | Woodrow Wilson | ||||||||
| • | 1933-35 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||||||||
| Governor-General | ||||||||||
| • | 1901-04 | William H. Taft | ||||||||
| • | 1913-21 | Francis B. Harrison | ||||||||
| • | 1921-27 | Leonard Wood | ||||||||
| • | 1933-35 | Frank Murphy | ||||||||
| Legislature | Philippine Legislature | |||||||||
| • | Upper house |
Philippine Commission (1901-16) Senate (1916-35) |
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| • | Lower house |
Philippine Assembly (1907-16) House of Representatives (1916-35) |
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| Historical era | Twentieth century | |||||||||
| • | Established by the Spooner Amendment | 4 July 1901 | ||||||||
| • | Reorganized by the Philippine Organic Act | 1 July 1902 | ||||||||
| • | Reorganized by the Jones Law | 29 August 1916 | ||||||||
| • | Dissolved by the Tydings–McDuffie Act | 15 November 1935 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1903 | 297,916 km2 (115,026 sq mi) | ||||||||
| • | 1918 | 296,296 km2 (114,401 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1903 est. | 7,635,426 | ||||||||
| Density | 26/km2 (66/sq mi) | |||||||||
| • | 1918 est. | 10,350,640 | ||||||||
| Density | 35/km2 (90/sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Philippine peso | |||||||||
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| a. | Area and population figures are from Notes on the vital statistics of the Philippine census of 1903 (1906), p. 1, and Census of the Philippine Islands taken under the direction of the Philippine Legislature in the year 1918 (1920), p. 72. | |||||||||
The Insular Government of the Philippine Islands was a territorial government of the United States that was established in 1901 and was dissolved in 1935. The Insular Government was preceded by the United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands and was followed by the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
The Philippines were acquired by the United States in 1898 as a result of the Spanish-American War. In 1902, the United States Congress passed the Philippine Organic Act, which organized the government and served as its basic law. This act provided for a governor-general appointed by the president of the United States, as well as a bicameral Philippine Legislature with the appointed Philippine Commission as the upper house and a fully elected, fully Filipino elected lower house, the Philippine Assembly.
The term "insular" refers to the fact that the government operated under the authority of the U.S. Bureau of Insular Affairs. Puerto Rico and Guam also had insular governments at this time. From 1901 to 1922, the U.S. Supreme Court wrestled with the constitutional status of these governments in the Insular Cases. In Dorr v. United States (1904), the court ruled that Filipinos did not have a constitutional right to trial by jury. In the Philippines itself, the term "insular" had limited usage. On banknotes, postage stamps, and the coat of arms, the government referred to itself simply as the "Philippine Islands."
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