Jacques-René Tenon
| Jacques-René Tenon | |
|---|---|
| Born | 21 February 1724 Joigny |
| Died | 16 January 1816 (aged 91) |
| Nationality | France |
| Fields | surgery |
| Doctoral advisor | Jacques-Bénigne Winslow |
| Known for | capsule of Tenon, Hôpital Tenon. |
Jacques-René Tenon (21 February 1724 – 16 January 1816) was a French surgeon born near the town of Joigny.
He studied medicine in Paris, where one of his instructors was Jacques-Bénigne Winslow (1669–1760). For several years he was associated with the Salpêtrière, and in 1757 attained the chair of pathology of the College of Surgery. In 1759 he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences.
In 1788 Tenon published the Mémoire sur les hôpitaux de Paris (Memoirs on the Hospitals of Paris), a treatise that was a concise and detailed account of French hospitals. It was concerned with aspects such as hygiene, patient care and environmental conditions of hospitals. Among the researches conducted was a visit by Tenon and Charles-Augustin de Coulomb to inspect the revolutionary design of the Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse. The publication was a catalyst in regards to efforts made for replacement of the Hôtel-Dieu of Paris, being decided by a committee from the Academy of Sciences, whose members were Tenon, along with famous scientists that included Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (1743–1794), Coulomb (1736–1806) and Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827).
In the 18th century, the Hôtel-Dieu was notoriously overcrowded, unsanitary and susceptible to fire. Architect Bernard Poyet (1742–1829) proposed a new Hôtel-Dieu on Île des Cygnes on the Seine River at a price of 12 million livres, while members of the Academy planned for four new hospitals at distances far from the Seine (Saint-Louis in the north, Holy-Anne in the south, the Roquette in the east, and in the west the abbey of Holy-Périne of Chaillot). Although plans for building the four new hospitals to replace the Hôtel-Dieu initially looked promising, the project was met with resistance and eventually shelved in the early 1790s.
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