James Throckmorton
| James W. Throckmorton | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 5th district |
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In office March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887 |
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| Preceded by | George W. Jones |
| Succeeded by | Silas Hare |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 3rd district |
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In office March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1879 |
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| Preceded by | Dewitt Clinton Giddings |
| Succeeded by | Olin Wellborn |
| 12th Governor of Texas | |
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In office August 9, 1866 – August 8, 1867 |
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| Lieutenant | George Washington Jones |
| Preceded by | Andrew J. Hamilton |
| Succeeded by | Elisha M. Pease |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
February 1, 1825 Sparta, Tennessee |
| Died | April 21, 1894 (aged 69) |
| Resting place | Pecan Grove Cemetery McKinney, Texas |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Profession | Politician |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 United States Confederate States
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| Service/branch |
 Confederate States Army
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| Rank |
 Captain
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| Unit |
 1st Texas Volunteers 6th Texas Cavalry |
| Battles/wars |
Mexican-American War American Civil War |
James Webb Throckmorton (February 1, 1825 – April 21, 1894) was an American politician who served as the 12th Governor of Texas from 1866 to 1867 during the early days of Reconstruction. He was a United States Congressman from Texas from 1875 to 1879 and again from 1883 to 1889.
Following the outbreak of the Mexican-American War, he joined the 1st Texas Volunteers as a private in February 1847. A few months later, he was assigned as an assistant surgeon to the Texas Rangers, until receiving a medical discharge in June of that year. During the Texas secession convention in 1861, he was one of only eight delegates to vote against secession from the United States. Despite this, he served in the Confederate Army, first as a captain of Company K, 6th Texas Cavalry Regiment.
He was promoted to Brigadier General by 1862. During late 1862 while stationed in North Texas, which was chaotic because of military and state militia abuses, he saved all but five men in Sherman, Texas from being lynched by militia as suspects in anti-conscription activities. Violent acts had spread in North Texas after the Great Hanging at Gainesville earlier in October 1862, when a total of 42 men were killed, most hanged.
Throckmorton defeated Elisha M. Pease in the Texas gubernatorial election of June 25, 1866, at the same time that the legislature approved a new constitution. During his term as governor, Throckmorton's lenient attitude toward former Confederates and his attitude toward civil rights conflicted with the Reconstruction politics of the Radical Republicans in Congress. He angered the local military commander, Major General Charles Griffin, who persuaded his superior, Philip H. Sheridan, to remove Throckmorton from office and replace him with Elisha M. Pease, an appointed Republican and Unionist.
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