Jiaqing Emperor | |||||||||||||
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7th Qing Emperor of China | |||||||||||||
Reign | 9 February 1796 – 2 September 1820 | ||||||||||||
Predecessor | Qianlong Emperor | ||||||||||||
Successor | Daoguang Emperor | ||||||||||||
Regent | Qianlong Emperor (1796–1799) | ||||||||||||
Born |
Old Summer Palace, Beijing |
13 November 1760||||||||||||
Died | 2 September 1820 Chengde Summer Palace, Hebei |
(aged 59)||||||||||||
Burial | Western Qing Tombs | ||||||||||||
Empress |
Empress Xiaoshurui Empress Xiaoherui |
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Issue |
Prince Mu Heshuo Princess Zhuangjing Mianning, Prince Zhi Gulun Princess Zhuangjing Heshuo Princess Hui'an Miankai, Prince Dun Mianxin, Prince Rui Mianyu, Prince Hui Gulun Princess Huimin five other unnamed daughters |
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House | Aisin Gioro | ||||||||||||
Father | Qianlong Emperor | ||||||||||||
Mother | Empress Xiaoyichun |
Full name | |
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Chinese: Aixin-Jueluo Yongyan愛新覺羅永琰, later Yongyan 顒琰 Manchu: Aisin-Gioro Yongyan ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠶᠣᠩ ᠶᠠᠨ |
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Posthumous name | |
Emperor Shòutiān Xìngyùn Fūhuà Suīyóu Chóngwén Jīngwǔ Guāngyù Xiàogōng Qínjiǎn Duānmǐn Yīngzhé Ruì 受天興運敷化綏猷崇文經武光裕孝恭勤儉端敏英哲睿皇帝 |
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Temple name | |
Qīng Rénzōng 清仁宗 |
The Jiaqing Emperor (Chinese: 嘉慶帝; pinyin: Jiāqìng Dì; Wade–Giles: Chia1-ch'ing4 Ti4; Mongolian: Sayishiyaltu Yirugertu Khaan, 13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), personal name Aisin Gioro Yongyan, was the seventh emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China from 1796 to 1820. He was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. During his reign, he prosecuted Heshen, the corrupt favourite of his father, and attempted to restore order within the Qing Empire and curb the smuggling of opium into China.
Yongyan was born in the Old Summer Palace, 8 km (5 mi) northwest of the walls of Beijing. His personal name, "Yongyan" (永琰), was later changed to "Yongyan" (顒琰) when he became the emperor. The Chinese character for yong in his name was changed from the more common 永 to the less common 顒. This novelty was introduced by the Qianlong Emperor, who believed that it was not proper to have a commonly used Chinese character in an emperor's personal name due to the longstanding practice of naming taboo in the imperial family.
Yongyan was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. His mother was Noble Consort Ling, the daughter of Wei Qingtai (魏清泰), a Han Chinese official whose family had been long integrated into the Manchu Eight Banners as part of a Han Banner.