John Adams Administration
| The Adams Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office | Name | Term |
| President | John Adams | 1797–1801 |
| Vice President | Thomas Jefferson | 1797–1801 |
| Secretary of State | Timothy Pickering | 1797–1800 |
| Charles Lee | 1800 | |
| John Marshall | 1800–1801 | |
| Secretary of Treasury | Oliver Wolcott, Jr. | 1797–1801 |
| Samuel Dexter | 1801 | |
| Secretary of War | James McHenry | 1796–1800 |
| Samuel Dexter | 1800–1801 | |
| Attorney General | Charles Lee | 1797–1801 |
| Secretary of the Navy | Benjamin Stoddert | 1798–1801 |
The presidency of John Adams, began on March 4, 1797, when John Adams was inaugurated as the second President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1801. Adams, who had served as vice president under George Washington, took office as president after winning the 1796 presidential election. The only member of the Federalist Party to ever serve as president, his presidency ended after a single term following his defeat in the 1800 presidential election. He was succeeded by Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party.
When Adams entered office, the ongoing war between France and Great Britain, was causing great difficulties for American merchants on the high seas and arousing intense partisanship among contending political factions nationwide. His tenure as president was dominated by the Quasi-War, an undeclared war against the French Republic waged primarily in the Caribbean. The conflict grew out of the so-called XYZ Affair, a political and diplomatic episode during the first year of the Adams administration, and had its roots in the turbulent state of Franco–American relations following the 1789 French Revolution. In 1798, as the toll from attacks on American shipping and the possibility of war with France increased, Adams directed an expansion of the U.S. Navy, and creation of the Department of the Navy to manage it. The increased expenditures associated with these actions required greater federal revenue, and Congress passed the Direct Tax of 1798. The war and its associated taxation provoked domestic unrest, resulting in incidents such as Fries's Rebellion.
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