Joseph Georg Friedrich Ernst Karl, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (Hildburghausen, 27 August 1789 – Altenburg, 25 November 1868), was a duke of Saxe-Altenburg.

He was the second but first surviving son of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (of Saxe-Altenburg from 1826) and Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Joseph succeeded his father as Duke of Saxe-Altenburg after his death in 1834.

In 1814, he and his brother George fought with the allies against France in the Napoleonic Wars. Later he was a General Major in Saxon services.

He implemented several buildings in Altenburg, but his government was considered conservative and resistant to reform; for this, he was forced to abdicate during the civil revolution of 1848.

In Kirchheim unter Teck on 24 April 1817 Joseph married Amelia of Württemberg, a daughter of Duke Louis of Württemberg. They had six daughters:

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