Josephine Preston Peabody (May 30, 1874 – December 4, 1922) was an American poet and dramatist.
She was born in New York and educated at the Girls' Latin School, Boston, and at Radcliffe College.
From 1901 to 1903 she was instructor in English at Wellesley. The Stratford-on-Avon prize went to her in 1909 for her drama The Piper, which was produced in England in 1910; and in America at the New Theatre, New York City, in 1911.
On June 21, 1906 she married Lionel Simeon Marks, a British engineer and professor at Harvard University. They had a daughter, Alison Peabody Marks (July 30, 1908 – April 7, 2008), and a son, Lionel Peabody Marks (b. 10 February 1910).
She met in Boston with Khalil Gibran in 1898 when he was fifteen through Fred Holland Day, the American photographer and co-founder of the publishing house Copeland-Day. Peabody was 24, when in a gallery exhibition met Gibran whose paintings were discovered by Day and used as covers to some of the books published by Copeland and Day.Shortly after they met, Gibran sailed to Lebanon for high school. They exchanged a number of letters that are published in the book Gibran and World.