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Li Siyuan

Li Siyuan
Emperor Mingzong of (Later) Tang (more...)
2nd emperor of Later Tang
Reign 3 June 926 – 15 December 933
Predecessor Li Cunxu (Emperor Zhuangzong), adoptive brother
Successor Li Conghou (Emperor Min), son
Born (867-10-10)10 October 867
Yingzhou, Tang Empire (today's Ying County, Shanxi)
Died 15 December 933(933-12-15) (aged 66)
Luoyang, Later Tang (today's Luoyang, Henan)
Burial 11 June 934
in today's Mengjin County, Luoyang, Henan 34°47′5.28″N 112°33′54.72″E / 34.7848000°N 112.5652000°E / 34.7848000; 112.5652000
Spouse
  • Lady Xia (夏氏)
  • Empress Cao (曹皇后)
Concubines
  • Lady Wei (魏氏)
  • Consort Wang (王淑妃)
  • Concubine Wang (王昭儀)
  • Concubine Ge (葛昭容)
  • Concubine Liu (劉昭媛)
  • Concubine Gao (高婕妤)
  • Concubine Shen (沈美人)
  • Concubine Zhu (朱順御)
Issue
At least 13 other daughters
Full name
Shatuo name: Miaojilie ()
Chinese surname: Lǐ ()
Chinese given name: Sìyuán (), changed to Dǎn () on 5 February 927
Era dates
Tiānchéng ()
Year 1: 3 June 926 – 4 February 927
Year 2: 5 February 927 – 25 January 928
Year 3: 26 January 928 – 12 February 929
Year 4: 13 February 929 – 1 February 930
Year 5: 2 February 930 – 2 March 930
Chángxīng ()
Year 1: 3 March 930 – 21 January 931
Year 2: 22 January 931 – 8 February 932
Year 3: 9 February 932 – 28 January 933
Year 4: 29 January 933 – 17 January 934
Regnal name
Emperor Shèngmíng Shénwǔ Wéndé Gōngxiào (), after 30 December 929
Emperor Shèngmíng Shénwǔ Guǎngdào Fǎtiān Wéndé Gōngxiào (), after 27 August 933
Posthumous name
Short: Emperor Héwǔ ()
Full: Emperor Shèngdé Héwǔ Qīnxiào ()
Temple name
Míngzōng (, "Bright Ancestor")
Father Li Ni (李霓) (biological)
Li Keyong (adoptive)
Mother Lady Liu (劉氏) (biological)
Full name
Shatuo name: Miaojilie ()
Chinese surname: Lǐ ()
Chinese given name: Sìyuán (), changed to Dǎn () on 5 February 927
Era dates
Tiānchéng ()
Year 1: 3 June 926 – 4 February 927
Year 2: 5 February 927 – 25 January 928
Year 3: 26 January 928 – 12 February 929
Year 4: 13 February 929 – 1 February 930
Year 5: 2 February 930 – 2 March 930
Chángxīng ()
Year 1: 3 March 930 – 21 January 931
Year 2: 22 January 931 – 8 February 932
Year 3: 9 February 932 – 28 January 933
Year 4: 29 January 933 – 17 January 934
Regnal name
Emperor Shèngmíng Shénwǔ Wéndé Gōngxiào (), after 30 December 929
Emperor Shèngmíng Shénwǔ Guǎngdào Fǎtiān Wéndé Gōngxiào (), after 27 August 933
Posthumous name
Short: Emperor Héwǔ ()
Full: Emperor Shèngdé Héwǔ Qīnxiào ()
Temple name
Míngzōng (, "Bright Ancestor")
Li Siyuan
Chinese

Li Siyuan (李嗣源, later changed to Li Dan (李亶)) (10 October 867 – 15 December 933), also known by his temple name Mingzong (明宗), was the second emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Tang during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 926 until his death. He was an ethnic Shatuo originally named, in the Shatuo language, Miaojilie (邈佶烈).

Adopted by the Shatuo leader Li Keyong of the Jin territory, Li Siyuan became a trusted general under both Li Keyong and Li Keyong's successor Li Cunxu, the 1st Later Tang emperor. In 926 he seized power by a coup d'état when a mutiny killed Li Cunxu, and ruled with both discipline and compassion for the next 7 years. Despite an abundance of natural disasters, his reign was markedly more peaceful than the half-century preceding it.

Li Siyuan was born with the Shatuo name of Miaojilie in 867 in Yingzhou (應州; present-day Ying County, Shanxi), without a surname like his nomadic Turkic ancestors. His father, referred in Chinese historiography books by his Chinese name Li Ni (李霓), was a military general under Li Guochang, the Shatuo leader in the region who received the imperial surname Li for contributions to the Tang Dynasty court. He was Li Ni's oldest son. His mother was a Lady Liu, who was later honored with the title of Lady of Song.

In 878, however, Li Guochang and his son Li Keyong rebelled against the Tang. In 880, they were defeated by the joint forces of military governor Li Zhuo (李琢) and Tuyuhun chieftain Helian Duo, and the Shatuo army fled northward to the Yin Mountains where they sought refuge with a Mohe tribe. Some time after Li Ni's death (predating Li Guochang's and Li Keyong's defeat) in 879 (when Miaojilie was 12), Li Guochang took Miaojilie as a bodyguard, having been impressed by the son's mounted archery skills reminiscent of the father. It was said the teenager never missed when he aimed at hovering birds on hunting trips.


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Wikipedia

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