Lingeer Fatim Beye
| Lingeer Fatim Beye | |||||
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The Star of Yoonir. Symbol of the Universe in Serer religion and cosmogony. It also symbolizes the Serer people of Sine. (O xoor paÿ) |
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| Reign | Lingeer of Sine (c. 1335) | ||||
| Heir-apparent | Lingeer Ndoung Jein, Lingeer Fatim Malado, Lingeer Ndoye Demba | ||||
| Born |
Kingdom of Sine, present-day  Senegal
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| Spouse | Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh, king of Sine (Maad a Sinig, 1350 - 1370) | ||||
| Issue | Lingeer Ndoung Jein (not the only issue, and not a daughter of Maysa Wali.) | ||||
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| House | House of Joos c. 1335, founder / matriarch | ||||
| Religion | Serer religion | ||||
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| Lingeer Fatim Beye Joos Fadiou |
Lingeer Fatim Beye Joos Fadiou (commonly Lingeer Fatim Beye) was a 14th-century (c. 1335) Serer princess and queen (Lingeer) from the Kingdom of Sine. She is the matriarch and early ancestor of the Joos Maternal Dynasty of Waalo. She is usually regarded by some sources as the founder of the Joos Maternal Dynasty. The pre-colonial Kingdoms of Sine and Waalo now lies within present-day Senegal. Her surname is Beye (English-Gambia) or Bèye (French-Senegal). Joos Fadiou is her maternal clan. In Serer, "Fa-tim" means "the maternal clan of..."
Lingeer Ndoye Demba, maternal granddaughter of Lingeer Fatim Beye, was given in marriage to the king of Waalo Brak Caaka Mbaar Mbooj), in c. 1367. Lingeer Ndoye Demba went on to establish the Joos Maternal Dynasty in Waalo which lasted from the 14th century to 1855, the year Waalo fell to the French resulting in the disestablishment of the monarchy. From the 14th century to 1855, the Joos Maternal Dynasty provided many kings of Waalo but also contributed to its instability due to dynastic struggles between the competing maternal dynasties of the country (Joos, Tedyek and Loggar).
Lingeer Fatim Beye was a member of the Serer ethnic group and the matriarch of the Joos Maternal Dynasty of Waalo. The Joos Maternal Dynasty (Serer proper : Joos Fadiou or Dioss Fahou/Fadiou) was a Serer maternal dynasty in the Wolof Kingdom of Waalo.
Fatim Beye was a contemporary of Ndiadiane Ndiaye (founder of the Jolof Empire) and Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh (var : Manyeasa Wali Dione) who was the first Guelowar to rule in Sine or any of the Serer countries. Some sources note that, she was once married to Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali thereby linking this matriclan to a rather significant part of Serer medieval history, i.e. the constitutional change in Sine which shaped its medieval to 20th century history. The marriage of Lingeer Fatim Beye to one of the most historical personalities of 14th century Senegambian royalty agrees pretty much with the general consensus regarding Serer-Guelowar relations. It was a union based on marriage among the upper echelons Serer and Guelowar society. According to Henry Gravrand, the defeat of the Guelowars by the Ñaancos at the Battle of Troubang in(1335) at Kaabu, spearheaded their migration to Serer territory after the massacre inflicted upon them at Troubang. In reporting this tradition, Gravrand did not notice that this is actually a description of the 1867 (or 1865) Battle of Kansala although the departure of the Guelowar can probably be explained by a war or a conflict of succession. It was the Serer nobility to which Lingeer Fatim Beye's family were a member of, who granted them asylum after their escape from Kaabu, the country of their birth. As an early ancestor of the Joos Maternal Dynasty, with royal ties to two pre-colonial Senegambian kingdoms from the start of their constitutional change, Lingeer Fatim Beye is regarded as one of the most significant female personalities of Serer and Senegambian dynastic history.Her descendants went on to shape Senegambian medieval to 19th century history.
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