Liu Shipei
| Liu Shipei | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born | 2 May 1884 Yizheng, Jiangsu |
| Died | 20 December 1919 (aged 35) Beijing, China |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Other names | 申叔 Shenshu |
| Education | Traditional Chinese |
| Occupation | Educator, political activist |
| Spouse(s) | He Zhen 何震 |
| Liu Shipei | |||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 劉師培 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 刘师培 | ||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Liú Shīpéi |
| Wade–Giles | Liu2 Shih1-p'ei2 |
| IPA | [ljǒu ʂɨ́pʰěi] |
Liu Shipei (Chinese: 劉師培; 1884–1919) was a philologist, Chinese anarchist, and revolutionary activist. While he and his wife, He Zhen were in exile in Japan he became a fervent nationalist. He then saw the doctrines of anarchism as offering a path to social revolution while remaining intent on preserving China's cultural essence, especially Taoism and the records of China's pre-imperial history. In 1909 he unexpectedly returned to China to work for the Manchu government and after 1911 supported Yuan Shikai's attempt to become emperor. After Yuan's death in 1916 he joined the faculty at Peking University. He died of tuberculosis in 1919.
Liu came from a family of prominent Qing dynasty scholars and officials. His father, uncle, grandfather, and great-grandfather were prominent in the school of Han learning which grounded their political reforms in study of the classics. They felt an affinity with such early Qing figures as Wang Fuzhi and the School of Evidential Scholarship. Early family education gave him the philological tools needed to study ancient texts, especially the Zuozhuan, a rich chronicle of pre-imperial China. Liu passed the first and second levels of the imperial examinations, but when he did not succeed at the highest level, he instead went to live in Shanghai in 1902-1904. There he met the revolutionaries Zhang Binglin and Cai Yuanpei and published essays calling for driving the Manchus out of China. He took the name GuangHan (光漢), or "Restore the Han," and developed the doctrine of guocui (Chinese: 國粹), or "national essence," which set out to reinvigorate China through the study of classical culture before Confucius. He edited the journal Guocui xuebao (國粹學報, National Essence), which published essays from many prominent revolutionary scholars.
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