Marianne Rauze
| Marianne Rauze | |
|---|---|
| Born |
Marie Anne Rose Gaillarde 20 September 1875 Paris, France |
| Died | 23 October 1964 (aged 89) Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Known for | Activism |
Marianne Rauze (20 September 1875 – 23 October 1964) was a French journalist, feminist, socialist, pacifist and communist.
Marie Anne Rose Gaillarde was born in Paris on 20 September 1875. She became Marie Anne Comignan by marriage. She became an activist in 1905. Marie Anne Rose's husband was a captain in the army. She took the pseudonym "Marianne Rauze", formed from her first names, to protect her husband's career.
The seamstress Louise Saumoneau, Elisabeth Renaud and others founded the Feminist Socialist Group, which had 300 members by 1902. The Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO: French Section of the Workers' International) was formed in 1905. It was male-dominated, and refused to allow Saumoneau's group to join as a group, although individual women could join the SFIO. At the end of December 1912 Rauze held a dinner at which the constitution of the feminine section of the SFIO was agreed. Madeleine Pelletier refused her invitation to this event, ostensibly because her stomach was very delicate, but probably because the young and beautiful Marianne Rauze was the type of woman that Pelletier detested. In January 1913 Rauze, Saumoneau, Renaud and others founded the Socialist Women's Group (Groupe des Femmes Socialistes, GDFS) for women within the SFIO.
A debate at once began within the GDFS over the question of whether socialist women should ally with bourgeois feminists. Rauze argued against, saying working women would not be emancipated by the vote but by the economic independence that they would gain through the SFIO. If working women helped the suffragists get the vote, it would be used against them in the class struggle. Rauze did agree that, although caused by economic conditions, "masculine arbitrariness" was an oppressive force. By late 1913 Louise Saumoneau, who strongly believed the struggle should be based only on class, had defeated the feminists and controlled the GDFS.
Rauze founded the journal L’Équité in 1913, and contributed to many other journals. Around the end of 1913 Rauze's husband was transferred to Chartres. Marianne Rauze moved with him. She soon became pessimistic about the revolutionary potential of provincial women, and thought the GDFS should set up feminine groups to educate women in preparation for joining the SFIO. She visited Paris in February 1914 to argue for this change, but could not gain support from anyone but the sole remaining feminist on the GDFS executive, Marguerite Martin. Later that spring Rauze offered to make L'Équité, now a successful bi-weekly, the official organ of the GDFS. Saumoneau refused the offer in favor of launching a new journal, and in July 1914 gained approval for starting a publication in September 1914. This did not in fact happen.
...
Wikipedia