Mughal–Persian Wars
| Mughal–Persian Wars | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Representation of Nader Shah at the sack of Delhi |
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Safavid dynasty Afsharid dynasty
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Mughal Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Abbas I of Persia Abbas II of Persia Mehrā Khan Autar Khan Nader Shah Heraclius II of Georgia |
Jahangir Kilij Khan Murad Baksh Dara Shikoh Aurangzeb Muhammad Shah |
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| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| ~7500 | ~27,000 | ||||||
The Mughal–Persian Wars were a series of wars fought in the 17th and 18th centuries between the Safavid and Afsharid Empires of Persia, and the Mughal Empire, over what is now Afghanistan. The Mughals consolidated their control of what is today India and Pakistan in the 16th century, and gradually came into conflict with the powerful Safavids and Afsharids, led by Ismail I and Nader Shah respectively. Aside from Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire, most of the conflict between the two powers were limited to battles for control over Kandahar.
The Mughal–Safavid War of 1622–23 was fought over the important fortress city of Kandahar, in Afghanistan, between the Safavid empire of Persia and the Mughal empire of India. It resulted in a clear Persian victory.
Having secured crushing victories against the Ottomans, Shah Abbas desired to capture the strategic fortress on Kandahar since he had lost it in 1595. In 1605 the governor of Herat, Hosayn Khan, besieged the city but the tenacious defense of the Mughal governor, Shah Beg Khan, and the arrival in the next year of a relieving Mughal army to Kandahar forced the Safavids to retreat. With the conclusion of the Ottoman-Safavid War (1603-1618), Shah Abbas was secure enough for a war on his eastern frontier, so in 1621 he ordered an army to gather at Nishapur. After celebrating the new year at Tabas Gilaki in southern Khorasan, Abbas joined with his army and marched on Kandahar where he arrived on 20 May and immediately began the siege. Though Jahangir had information of the Persian's movements he was too slow to respond, and without reinforcements the small garrison of 3,000 men could not hold for long against the superior Persian army.
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