Municipalities of Luxembourg

Luxembourg's 105 municipalities (French: communes, Luxembourgish: Gemengen, German: Gemeinden) conform to LAU Level 2 and are the country's lowest administrative divisions.

Municipalities rank below cantons in Luxembourg's hierarchy of administrative subdivisions. Municipalities are often re-arranged, being merged or divided as demanded by demographic change over time. Unlike the cantons, which have remained unchanged since their creation, the identity of the municipalities has not become ingrained within the geographical sensations of the average Luxembourger. The cantons are responsible for the ceremonial, administrative, and statistical aspects of government, while the municipalities provide local government services.

The municipal system was adopted when Luxembourg was annexed into the French département of Forêts in 1795. Despite ownership passing to the Netherlands, this system was maintained until it was introduced upon independence in 1843. The province of Luxembourg, which now constitutes part of Belgium, was part of Luxembourg prior to 1839 when it possessed a low degree of sovereignty. Due to Luxembourg's incorporation into the main country by its occupying powers, the modern municipal system in Luxembourg is less than two centuries old.

The municipalities have no legislative control over matters relating to the national interest, which reside solely with the Chamber of Deputies. Below this level, however, they have wide-ranging powers. The municipalities provide public education, maintain the local road network and other infrastructure, ensure basic public health, and provide most social security. Municipalities also have discretionary powers for comprehensive health care (including maintenance of hospitals and clinics) within their borders, land-use planning, funds for culturral activities, provision of care to the elderly, and providing a sufficient supply of water, gas, and electricity.

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