National without household registration
| National without household registration | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 無戶籍國民 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 无户籍国民 | ||||||
|
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wú hùjí guómín |
National without household registration (abbreviated NWOHR) is the legal status held by nationals of the Republic of China (ROC) who lack household registration in the Taiwan Area.ROC nationality law considers many overseas Chinese as well as most residents of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau to be ROC nationals. Such persons may be entitled to ROC consular protection and ROC passports. However, nationality is a necessary but insufficient condition for most civic duties and privileges in Taiwan. NWOHRs are subject to immigration control under the Immigration Act (though on different terms than foreigners), and can only receive national health insurance if they have resided in Taiwan for at least one year in a two-year period. Although they may not vote, they are exempt from military conscription.
Though there is only one Chinese-language name for NWOHR status, it has a variety of translations into English. The Ministry of Justice's English translations of relevant laws and regulations use a variety of translations, including:
Additionally, the Taipei Times sometimes uses "nationals without citizenship".
NWOHR status arises out of the ROC government's outstanding sovereignty claims to Mainland China, under which essentially all PRC nationals and many overseas Chinese are also ROC nationals under ROC law. ROC nationality law does not use the term "citizen" (公民) but merely defines those with ROC nationality as "nationals" (國民). The further differentiation of "nationals" into NWOHRs and "nationals with household registration" (有戶籍國民), with only the latter entitled to civic duties and obligations in Taiwan, while the former subjected to immigration restrictions in Taiwan. (Note difference between "citizenship" and "nationality" and see similar statuses below.)
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