Nord Stream
| Nord Stream | |
|---|---|
Location of Nord Stream
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| Location | |
| Country | Russian Federation, Germany |
| Coordinates |
60°31′44″N 28°4′21″E / 60.52889°N 28.07250°E 54°8′24″N 13°38′23.28″E / 54.14000°N 13.6398000°E |
| General direction | east–west–south |
| From | Vyborg, Russia |
| Passes through | Baltic Sea |
| To | Greifswald, Germany |
| General information | |
| Type | Natural gas |
| Partners | Gazprom, E.ON, Wintershall, Gasunie, GDF Suez |
| Operator | Nord Stream AG |
| Contractors | Saipem, Allseas, Rambøll, Environmental Resource Management, Marin Mätteknik, IfAÖ, PeterGaz, DOF Subsea, Intec Engineering, Tideway BV, Royal Boskalis Westminster, EUROPIPE, OMK, Sumitomo, EUPEC PipeCoatings, Rolls-Royce plc, Dresser-Rand Group, Siirtec Nigi SPA |
| Commissioned | 8 November 2011 (1st line) 8 October 2012 (2nd line) |
| Technical information | |
| Length | 1,222 km (759 mi) |
| Maximum discharge | 55 billion cubic metres per year (2012–) |
| Diameter | 1,220 mm (48 in) |
| No. of compressor stations | 1 |
| Compressor stations | Vyborg |
Nord Stream (former names: North Transgas and North European Gas Pipeline; Russian: Северный поток, Severny potok) is an offshore natural gas pipeline from Vyborg in the Russian Federation to Greifswald in Germany that is owned and operated by Nord Stream AG. The project includes two parallel lines. The first line was laid by May 2011 and was inaugurated on 8 November 2011. The second line was laid in 2011–2012 and was inaugurated on 8 October 2012. At 1,222 kilometres (759 mi) in length, it is the longest sub-sea pipeline in the world, surpassing the Langeled pipeline. It has an annual capacity of 55 billion cubic metres (1.9 trillion cubic feet), but its capacity is planned to be doubled to 110 billion cubic metres (3.9 trillion cubic feet) by 2019, by laying two additional lines. Due to EU restrictions on Gazprom, only 22.5 billion cubic metres (790 billion cubic feet) of its capacity is actually used. The name occasionally has a wider meaning, including the feeding onshore pipeline in the Russian Federation, and further connections in Western Europe.
The original pipeline project started in 1997 when Gazprom and the Finnish company Neste (in 1998 merged with Imatran Voima to form Fortum, and 2004 separated again to Fortum and Neste Oil) formed the joint company North Transgas Oy for construction and operation of a gas pipeline from Russia to Northern Germany across the Baltic Sea. North Transgas cooperated with the German gas company Ruhrgas (became later part of E.ON). A route survey in the Exclusive Economic Zones of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Germany, and a feasibility study of the pipeline was conducted in 1998. Several routes were considered including routes with onshore segments through Finland and Sweden.
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