Nudivirus
| Nudivirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group I (dsDNA) |
| Family: | Nudiviridae |
| Genus | |
A nudivirus (family Nudiviridae) is a large, rod-shaped virus with a circular, double stranded DNA genome of 96–231 kb. The genome encodes 98 to 154 open reading frames. Virions are rod-shaped and when enveloped are up to 382×77 nm.
The word "nudivirus" comes from the Latin nudus, which means naked and virus, poison. Naked refers to the fact that, unlike baculoviruses, they are not occluded by cryoproteins.
In 2007, the genus Nudivirus was proposed to include viruses similar to the Oryctes rhinoceros virus (Wang et al., 2007b). The nudiviruses were classified as the family Nudiviridae in 2013.
All 3 sequenced nudivirus have 33 open reading frames in common. Gene content comparaison and phylogenetic analyses show that Nudivirus share 20 cores genes with baculovirus and form a monophyletic sister group with them. Fossil calibration estimate this association arose 100 million years ago(Mya), while the last common ancestor of BVs, nudivirus, and baculovirus existed approximately 312 Mya. Baculoviruses and nudiviruses differ in gene content, genome organization, cytopathology, infection of adults and most likely in host range. The 20 cores genes common in both Baculovirus and Nudivirus are involved in RNA transcription, DNA replication, virion structural components and many other functions. Gene content and sequence similarity suggest that the nudiviruses GbNV, HzNV-1, and OrNV form a monophyletic group of nonoccluded double-stranded DNA viruses, which separated from the baculovirus lineage before this radiated into dipteran-, hymenopteran-, and lepidopteran-specific clades of occluded nucleopolyhedroviruses and granuloviruses.
This genus is characterized by rod-shaped and enveloped nucleocapsids and its members replicate in the nucleus of infected host cells. The virus genome, in proviral form, is integrated on wasp genome. However, the viruses are not embedded in inclusion bodies (crystallized proteins) like the baculoviruses. Nudivirus are known to infect preferentially insects and marine arthropods. The transmission occurred generally by feeding and/or mating. Infections can be lethal for the larvae and can possibly reduce the fitness of the host by reducing offspring production and survival among adults.
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