Oleg Caetani (born 1956) is an Italian conductor.
Born in Lausanne, Caetani studied with Nadia Boulanger who was the first person to recognize his talent. At the Conservatory of Santa Cecilia in Rome, he studied conducting with Franco Ferrara and composition with Irma Ravinale. He made his debut at age 17 with a production of Claudio Monteverdi's Il combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda. He then went to the Moscow Conservatory to study conducting with Kirill Kondrashin and musicology with Nadezhda Nikolaeva. He graduated from the St Petersburg Conservatory in conducting with Ilya Musin.
Caetani won the RAI Competition in 1979 and the third prize at the Karajan Competition in Berlin in 1982. He started his professional career at the Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin. He was then Chief Conductor at the Nationaltheater Weimar, First Kapelllmeister at the Frankfurt Opera, Music Director first at the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden, later at the Chemnitz Opera and Robert Schumann Philharmonic Orchestra.
In 2001 Caetani conducted at La Scala, Milan Turandot and Otello in 2005. His first conducting appearance with English National Opera (ENO) was in 2003 with Khovanshchina, then he was Chief Designate in 2005 and came back for Sir John in Love in 2006. Since then he maintains a strong regular presence at the ENO. Caetani made his Australian conducting debut in 2001 with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO). In January 2005, he became the MSO's Chief Conductor and Artistic Director. In 2007 he led the MSO on its second European tour, which took in performances in major centres including Berlin, Madrid, Milan and Paris (first time in history that an Australian orchestra played in those European capitals). In March 2008, the MSO announced the extension of Caetani's contract through to the end of 2010. He led the MSO in the Australian premieres of Brahms' Seranade No.1, works by Enescu, Bartok, Schoenberg, Walton, Ravel Shostakovich's Symphonies No.2 and No. 13 ("Babi Yar") on 7 August 2008. His recording projects with the MSO include all the symphonies of Alexandre Tansman and the orchestral works of Rudi Stephan. He is regular guest at the Mariinsky Theatre where he has conducted the Russian Premiere of The Prisoner by Dallapiccola at the White Night Festival in 2015 and etc.